Unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo komgquba wemfuyo kunokuzisa ingeniso enkulu kuninzi lwamafama, kodwa kwanokwandisa uphuculo lweshishini labo.
Isichumiso sebhayoloji ephilayoluhlobo lwesichumisi esinemisebenzi yesichumisi se-microbial kunye ne-organic fertilizer, ephuma ikakhulu kwiintsalela zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo (ezifana nomgquba wemfuyo, i-straw yezityalo, njl.) kwaye iqulunqwe ngonyango olungenabungozi.
Oku kugqiba ukuba isichumiso se-biological organic sinamacandelo amabini: (1) umsebenzi othile we-microorganisms.(2) ukucocwa kwenkunkuma ephilayo.
(1) I-microorganism ethile esebenzayo
Ii-microorganisms ezithile ezisebenzayo kwisichumiso sebhayoloji zihlala zibhekisa kwii-microorganisms, kubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktheriya, umngundo kunye ne-actinomycetes, enokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezondlo zomhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo emva kokufakwa emhlabeni.Imisebenzi ethile ingahlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1.Ibhaktiriya yokulungisa initrogen: (1) ibhaktiriya elungisa initrogen kwi-symbiotic: ibhekisa ikakhulu kwisityalo esinemidumba efana ne: rhizobia, i-nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, izithole zerhizobia ezingapheliyo ze-ammonia, njl.;Iibhaktiriya ezikwaziyo ukulungisa initrogen njenge-Franklinella, iCyanobacteria, ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo kwenitrogen kuphezulu.② Iibhaktheriya ezilungisa initrogen ezizenzekelayo: njengebhaktiriya engqukuva emdaka ngenitrogen, ibhaktiriya yephotosynthetic, njl. njl. , njengePseudomonas genus, i-lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, njl.
2.Phosphorus ukunyibilika (ukunyibilika) umngundo: Bacillus (ezifana Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, njl.), Pseudomonas (ezifana Pseudomonas fluorescens), iibhaktheriya Nitrogen-fixed, Rhizobium, Thiosperinipus, Rhizobium, i-Tiosperocillus, i-Peeudomonas, i-Rhizobium. , Streptomyces, njl.
I-3.I-Dissolved (i-dissolved) ibhaktheriya ye-potassium: iibhaktheriya ze-silicate (ezifana ne-colloid Bacillus, i-colloid Bacillus, i-cyclosporillus), ibhaktheriya ye-potassium engekho-silicate.
4.Antibiotics: Trichoderma (ezifana Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (ezifana Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis iintlobo, njl.
I-5.I-Rhizosphere ekhuthaza ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kunye ne-fungi ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo.
6.Iibhaktheriya zeplatform ezikhanyayo: iintlobo ezininzi ze-Pseudomonas gracilis kunye neentlobo ezininzi ze-Pseudomonas gracilis.Ezi ntlobo ziibhaktheriya ze-aerobic ezinokukhula kubukho be-hydrogen kwaye zilungele ukuveliswa kwesichumisi sebhayoloji.
I-7.I-insect-resistant kunye ne-bacteria yemveliso eyandisiweyo: I-Beauveria bassiana, i-Metarhizium anisopliae, i-Phylloidase, i-Cordyceps kunye ne-Bacillus.
8. Iibhaktheriya zokubola kwe-cellulose: i-thermophilic lateral spora, i-Trichoderma, i-Mucor, njl.
9.Ezinye ii-microorganisms ezisebenzayo: emva kokuba ii-microorganisms zingene emhlabeni, zinokufihla izinto ezisebenzayo ze-physiological ukukhuthaza nokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo.Ezinye zazo zinefuthe lokuhlanjululwa kunye nokubola kwi-toxins yomhlaba, njengegwele kunye ne-lactic acid bacteria.
2) Izinto eziphilayo ezivela kwiintsalela zezilwanyana eziye zabola.Izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa, azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza isichumisi, nazo azikwazi ukungena kwimarike.
Ukwenza ukuba ibhaktheriya idibane ngokupheleleyo nemathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye ifezekise ukuvutshelwa ngokucokisekileyo, inokushukunyiswa ngokulinganayo. ikhomputhaost umatshini wokujikanjengoko kungezantsi:
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eziphilayo
(1) Ilindle: inkukhu, ihagu, inkomo, igusha, ihashe nobunye ubulongwe bezilwanyana.
(2) Iindiza: iindiza zombona, iindiza, iindiza zengqolowa, iimbotyi zesoya kunye nezinye izikhondo zezityalo.
(3) ikhoba nebran.I-Rice husk powder, i-peanut husk powder, i-peanut seedling powder, ibran yerayisi, i-fungus bran, njl.
(4) i-dregs: i-distiller's dregs, i-soy sauce dregs, i-dregs yeviniga, i-furfural dregs, i-xylose dregs, i-enzyme dregs, i-garlic dregs, i-sugar dregs, njl.
(5) isidlo sekeyiki.Ikeyiki yeembotyi zesoya, umgubo weembotyi zesoya, ioyile, ikeyiki yerapeseed, njl.
(6) Olunye udaka lwasekhaya, udaka lokucoca lokucoca iswekile, udaka lweswekile, i-bagasse, njl.
Ezi mathiriyeli ekrwada zinokusetyenziswa njengezondlo ezincedisayo kwimathiriyeli ekrwadaukuveliswa kwesichumisi sebhayolojiemva kokubiliswa.
Ngemicroorganisms ezithile kunye nezixhobo eziphilayo ezibolileyo ezi meko zimbini zinokwenziwa ngesichumiso se-biological organic.
1) Indlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo
1, khetha ibhaktheriya ethile ye-microbial: inokusetyenziswa njengenye okanye iindidi ezimbini, ubukhulu becala hayi ngaphezulu kweentlobo ezintathu, kuba ukhetho oluninzi lweebhaktheriya, lukhuphisana ngezondlo phakathi komnye nomnye, lukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni ngokubambisana kwe-offset.
2. Ukubalwa kwenani lokongezwa: ngokwemigangatho ye-NY884-2012 ye-bio-organic fertilizer e-China, inani elisebenzayo lebhaktheriya ephilayo ye-bio-organic fertilizer kufuneka ifikelele kwi-0.2 yezigidi / g.Kwitoni enye yezinto eziphilayo, ngaphezu kwe-2 kg ye-microorganisms ethile esebenzayo kunye nenani elisebenzayo leebhaktheriya eziphilayo ≥10 billion / g kufuneka zongezwe.Ukuba inani lebhaktheriya esebenzayo li-1 billion / g, ngaphezu kwe-20 kg kuya kufuneka ukuba yongezwe, njalo njalo.Amazwe ahlukeneyo kufuneka adibanise ngokufanelekileyo kwiikhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo.
3. Indlela yokongeza: Yongeza ibhaktiriya esebenzayo (umgubo) kwizinto eziphilayo ezivundisiweyo ngokwendlela ecetyisiweyo kwimanuwali yokusebenza, yixube ngokulinganayo kwaye uyipakishe.
4. Izilumkiso: (1) Musa ukomiswa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-100℃, kungenjalo iya kubulala iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukomisa, kufuneka yongezwe emva kokumisa.(2) Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, umxholo webhaktheriya kwisichumiso sebhayoloji esilungiselelwe yindlela yokubala eqhelekileyo kaninzi ayifiki kwidatha efanelekileyo, ngoko kwinkqubo yokulungiselela, ii-microorganisms ezisebenzayo zongezwa ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-10% ephezulu kunedatha efanelekileyo. .
2) ukuguga okwesibini kunye nendlela yenkcubeko yokwandisa
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo, le ndlela inenzuzo yokugcina iindleko zebhaktheriya.Icala elisezantsi lelokuba imifuniselo iyafuneka ukumisela inani leentsholongwane ezinokuthi zongezwe, ngelixa ukongeza inkqubo encinci.Kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba imali eyongeziweyo ibe ngama-20% okanye ngaphezulu kwendlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ifikelele kumgangatho wesizwe webhayoloji yesichumiso sendalo ngokusebenzisa indlela yesibini yokuguga.Amanyathelo okusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Khetha ibhaktheriya ethile ye-microbial (umgubo): ingaba yintlobo enye okanye ezimbini, ubukhulu becala hayi ngaphezu kweentlobo ezintathu, kuba iibhaktheriya ezininzi zikhetha, zikhuphisane ngezondlo phakathi komnye nomnye, zikhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwimpembelelo yeebhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo.
2. Ukubalwa komlinganiselo wokongezwa: ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho we-bio-organic fertilizer e-China, inani elisebenzayo lebhaktheriya ephilayo ye-bio-organic fertilizer kufuneka ifikelele kwi-0.2 yezigidi / g.Kwitoni enye yezinto eziphilayo, inani elisebenzayo leebhaktheriya eziphilayo ≥10 billion / g ye-microbial ethile esebenzayo (powder) kufuneka yongezwe ubuncinane i-0.4 kg.Ukuba inani lebhaktheriya esebenzayo li-1 billion / g, ngaphezu kwe-4 kg kuya kufuneka ukuba yongezwe, njalo njalo.Amazwe ahlukeneyo kufuneka alandele imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokongezwa okufanelekileyo.
3. Indlela yokongeza: ibhaktiriya esebenzayo (umgubo) kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa, i-rice husk powder, i-bran okanye enye nayiphi na enye yazo yokuxuba, yongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphilayo ezivundisiweyo, ukuxuba ngokulinganayo, ukupakishwa iintsuku ezi-3-5 ukwenza okucacileyo. iibhaktheriya ezisebenzayo ukuzizalisa.
4. Ukulawulwa komswakama kunye nokushisa: ngexesha lokuvuthwa kwe-stacking, umswakama kunye nokushisa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokweempawu zezinto eziphilayo zebhaktheriya esebenzayo.Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukuphakama kwe-stacking kufuneka kuncitshiswe.
5. Ukufunyanwa komxholo webhaktheriya esebenzayo: emva kokuphela kokupakishwa, isampuli kunye nokuthumela kwiziko elinamandla okubona i-microbial ukuvavanya kwangaphambili ukuba umxholo we-microorganisms ezithile unokuhlangabezana nomgangatho, ukuba unokufezekiswa, unokwenza isichumiso se-biological organic. ngale ndlela.Ukuba oku akufezekiswanga, nyusa inani elongezelelweyo lebhaktheriya ethile esebenzayo ukuya kwi-40% yendlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye uphinde uvavanye kude kube yimpumelelo.
6. Izilumkiso: Musa ukomiswa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-100℃, kungenjalo iya kubulala iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukomisa, kufuneka yongezwe emva kokumisa.
Kwiukuveliswa kwesichumiso se-bio-organicemva kokuvundiswa, ngokuqhelekileyo zizinto ezinomgubo, ezihlala zibhabha nomoya ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo, ezibangela ilahleko yemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nongcoliseko lothuli.Ke ngoko, ukuze kuncitshiswe uthuli kwaye kuthintelwe i-caking,inkqubo yegranulationisetyenziswa rhoqo.Ungasebenzisaigranulator yezinyo eshukumisayokumfanekiso ongentla wegranulation, ingafakwa kwi-acid ye-humic, i-carbon black, i-kaolin kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima zegranulate.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-18-2021