Isichumisi esihlanganisiweyo, esaziwa ngokuba sisichumisi sekhemikhali, sisichumiso esiqulethe naziphi na izondlo ezimbini okanye ezintathu zezondlo zezityalo, ezifana nenitrogen, iphosphorus kunye nepotassium, ezidityaniswe ziikhemikhali okanye iindlela zokuxuba;izichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo zinokuba ngumgubo okanye zibe yigranular.Isichumisi esihlanganisiweyo sinezithako eziphezulu ezisebenzayo, kulula ukunyibilika emanzini, ukubola ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kulula ukufunxa iingcambu.Ngoko ke, ibizwa ngokuba "isichumisi esisebenza ngokukhawuleza".Umsebenzi wayo kukuhlangabezana nemfuno ebanzi kunye nokulungelelana kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezondlo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemveliso.
Umgca wemveliso wonyaka weetoni ezingama-50,000 zesichumiso esihlanganisiweyo yindibaniselwano yezixhobo eziphambili.Iindleko zemveliso azifani.Umgca wokuvelisa isichumisi odibeneyo unokusetyenziselwa ukuxutywa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada edibeneyo.Okokugqibela, izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo ezinemigxinaniso eyahlukeneyo kunye neefomula zinokulungiswa ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, zizalise ngokufanelekileyo izondlo ezifunwa zizityalo, kwaye zisombulule impikiswano phakathi kwemfuno yezityalo kunye nonikezelo lomhlaba.
Umgca weComposite Fertilizer Production usetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo zeefomyula ezahlukeneyo ezifana nenitrogen potassium, phosphorus potassium perphosphate, potassium chloride, sulfate granular, sulfuric acid, ammonium nitrate kunye nezinye iifomyula ezahlukeneyo.
Njengomvelisi oqeqeshiweyo wezixhobo zomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso, sibonelela abathengi ngezixhobo zemveliso kunye nesona sisombululo sifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ezifana neetoni ezingama-10,000 ngonyaka ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-200,000 ngonyaka.Iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo icwecwe, ingqiqo kunye nesayensi, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile, umphumo omuhle wokonga amandla, iindleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kubenzi bezichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo (izichumisi ezixutyiweyo).
Umgca wokuvelisa isichumiso esixutyiweyo unokuvelisa isichumiso esixutywe phezulu, esiphakathi kunye nesisezantsi esivela kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, isichumisi esidibeneyo siqulethe ubuncinane ezimbini okanye ezintathu izondlo (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium).Ineempawu zomxholo ophezulu wezondlo kunye nemiphumo embalwa.Isichumiso esiyintlanganisela sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchumiseni ukuchumisa.Ayinakuphucula kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchumisa, kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukuzinza kunye nesivuno esikhulu sezityalo.
Ukusetyenziswa komgca wokuvelisa isichumiso esihlanganisiweyo:
1. Inkqubo yokuveliswa kwe-urea yesulfure-baged.
2. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yezichumisi ze-organic kunye ne-inorganic compound.
3. Inkqubo yesichumiso esineasidi.
4. Inkqubo yesichumiso esifakwe kwimizi-mveliso ewumgubo.
5. Inkqubo yokuvelisa urea enkulu.
6. Inkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso sematrix kwizithole.
Imathiriyeli ekrwada ekhoyo kwimveliso yesichumiso esiphilayo:
Izinto ezikrwada zomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso yi-urea, i-ammonium chloride, i-ammonium sulfate, i-ammonia yolwelo, i-ammonium phosphate, i-diammonium phosphate, i-potassium chloride, i-potassium sulfate, kubandakanywa nodongwe kunye nezinye izigcwalisi.
1) Izichumisi ze-nitrogen: ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium thio, urea, calcium nitrate, njl.
2) Izichumisi zePotassium: i-potassium sulfate, ingca kunye nomlotha, njl.
3) Izichumisi ze-Phosphorus: i-calcium perphosphate, i-calcium perphosphate enzima, i-calcium magnesium kunye ne-phosphate fertilizer, i-phosphate ore powder, njl.
Umgca odityanisiweyo wokuvelisa isichumiso ojikelezayo igubu granulation isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa isichumiso esixutywe kakhulu esixutywe kakhulu.I-Round disk granulation ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iteknoloji yesichumisi esixubeneyo esiphezulu kunye nesezantsi, esidityaniswe neteknoloji echasene nesichumiso esichasene ne-nitrogen ephezulu, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izichumiso ezidibeneyo, njl.
Umgca wokuvelisa isichumiso esihlanganisiweyo kumzi-mveliso wethu unezi mpawu zilandelayo:
Imathiriyeli ekrwada isetyenziswa kakhulu: izichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo zinokuveliswa ngokweefomyula ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani bezichumisi ezidibeneyo, kwaye zifanelekile ukuveliswa kwezichumisi ze-organic kunye ne-inorganic compound.
Ubuncinci bezinga le-spherical kunye ne-biobacterium isivuno siphezulu: inkqubo entsha inokufikelela kumlinganiselo ongqukuva ongaphezulu kwe-90% ukuya kwi-95%, kwaye iteknoloji yokomisa umoya wobushushu obuphantsi bunokwenza ukuba ibhaktheriya ye-microbial ifikelele kwiqondo lokusinda elingaphezulu kwe-90%.Imveliso egqityiweyo inhle ngokubonakala kwaye nangobukhulu, i-90% yayo i-particle ene-particle size ye-2 ukuya kwi-4mm.
Inkqubo yabasebenzi iguquguqukayo: inkqubo yomgca wokuvelisa isichumisi esihlanganisiweyo inokulungelelaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, ifomula kunye nesayithi, okanye inkqubo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso inokuqulunqwa ngokweemfuno zabathengi.
Umlinganiselo wezondlo zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo uzinzile: ngokulinganisa okuzenzekelayo kwezithako, ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kwezinto eziqinileyo ezahlukeneyo, ulwelo kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza, phantse ukugcina uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kwesondlo ngasinye kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo yomgca wokuvelisa isichumisi ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwahlulwa zibe: izithako eziluhlaza, ukuxuba, ukutyunyuzwa kwamaqhuqhuva, i-granulation, ukuhlolwa kokuqala, ukumisa i-particle, ukupholisa i-particle, ukuhlolwa kwesibini, ukugqitywa kweengqungquthela, kunye nokupakishwa kobuninzi beemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
1. Izithako zemathiriyeli ekrwada:
Ngokwemfuno yemarike kunye neziphumo zokumiselwa komhlaba wendawo, i-urea, i-ammonium nitrate, i-ammonium chloride, i-ammonium thiophosphate, i-ammonium phosphate, i-diammonium phosphate, i-calcium enzima, i-potassium chloride (i-potassium sulfate) kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza zisasazwa ngomlinganiselo othile.Izongezo, izinto ezilandelwayo, njl.njl zisetyenziswa njengezithako kumlinganiselo othile ngokusebenzisa izikali zebhanti.Ngokomlinganiselo wefomula, zonke izithako zemathiriyeli ekrwada zihamba ngokulinganayo ukusuka kumabhanti ukuya kubaxubi, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-premixes.Iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuqulunqwa kunye nokufezekisa izithako eziqhubekayo ezisebenzayo.
2. Hlanganisa:
Izinto ezilungisiweyo ezilungiselelwe zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zixutywe ngokulinganayo, zibeka isiseko sobuchule obuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-granular fertilizer.Umxube othe tye okanye umxube wedisk ungasetyenziselwa ukuxuba okufanayo kunye nokuvuselela.
3. Ukutyumza:
Amaqhuma kwizinto eziphathekayo atyunyuziwe emva kokuxuba ngokulinganayo, okukulungele ukusetyenzwa kwe-granulation elandelayo, ngokukodwa usebenzisa i-crusher chain.
4. Igranulation:
Izinto eziphathekayo emva kokuxuba ngokulinganayo kwaye zichotshoziwe zithuthelwa kumatshini we-granulation ngokusebenzisa i-belt conveyor, eyona nxalenye ephambili yomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso.Ukukhethwa kwegranulator kubaluleke kakhulu.Umzi-mveliso wethu uvelisa i-disk granulator, i-drum granulator, i-roller extruder okanye i-compound yesichumiso segranulator.
5. Uvavanyo:
Iingqungquthela zihlungiwe, kwaye iinqununu ezingafanelekanga zibuyiselwa kumxube ophezulu kunye nokudibanisa ikhonkco lokuhlaziya.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umatshini we-roller sieve usetyenziswa.
6. Ukupakishwa:
Le nkqubo ithatha umatshini wokupakisha wobungakanani ozenzekelayo.Umatshini uqulunqwe ngumatshini wokulinganisa ozenzekelayo, inkqubo yokuhambisa, umatshini wokutywina, njl.Inokuqonda ukupakishwa komyinge wezinto ezininzi ezifana nesichumisi esiphilayo kunye nesichumisi esihlanganisiweyo, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiifektri zokulungisa ukutya kunye nemigca yemveliso yemizi-mveliso.