Izichumisi zemichiza ziveliswa ngokwenziwa kwimathiriyeli ye-inorganic, zizinto ezibonelela ngezakhi zondlo zokukhula kwezityalo ngeendlela zomzimba okanye zekhemikhali.
Izondlo zezichumiso zeMichiza
Izichumisi zemichiza zityebile kwizondlo ezithathu eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo.Iindidi zezichumisi zikwindidi ezinkulu.Eminye imizekelo yezichumisi zekhemikhali yiammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride njl.
Yintoni izichumisi ze-NPK?
☆Isichumiso senitrogen
Iingcambu zezityalo zinokufunxa isichumiso senitrogen.I-Nitrogen iyona nxalenye ephambili yeprotheni (kubandakanywa ezinye i-enzymes kunye ne-coenzyme), i-nucleic acid kunye ne-phospholipids.Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeprotoplasm, i-nucleus kunye ne-biofilm, enendima ekhethekileyo kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezityalo.I-nitrojeni lilungu le-chlorophyll, ngoko inobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye ne-photosynthesis.Isixa se-nitrogen siya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokukhula.Ngoko ke, unikezelo lwesichumiso senitrogen lufuneka kakhulu.I-Urea, i-ammonium nitrate kunye ne-ammonium sulfate zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwezolimo.
☆Isichumiso sePhosphatic
Iphosphorus inokukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu, iintyatyambo, imbewu kunye neziqhamo.I-Phosphorus ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-metabolic.I-Phosphorus ityebile kwii-meristems, ezinemisebenzi emininzi yobomi enemveliso.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso se-P kunempembelelo entle kwi-tiller, isebe kunye nokukhula kweengcambu.I-Phosphorus ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-carbohydrates, eyenza ukukhula kwembewu, iingcambu kunye neengcambu.Inokunyusa kakhulu isivuno sezityalo.
☆Isichumisi sepotasic
Isichumiso se-potassium sisetyenziselwa ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kwesiqu, ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukudubula kunye neziqhamo.I-Potassium (K) ikwimo ye-ion kwizityalo, egxininisa kwiindawo ezivelisa kakhulu ebomini besityalo, njengendawo yokukhula, i-cambium kunye namagqabi, njl. ukufunxwa kwamanzi.
Iinzuzo kwisichumiso sekhemikhali
Izichumisi zemichiza zinceda izityalo zikhule
Ziqulethe enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezondlo ezibalulekileyo zokukhula ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-potassium kunye nezinye ezahlukeneyo.Zakuba zongezwe emhlabeni, ezi zondlo zizalisekisa iimfuno ezifunekayo zezityalo kwaye zibonelela ngezondlo ebezingenazo ngokwendalo okanye zizincede zigcine izondlo ezilahlekileyo.Izichumisi zemichiza zibonelela ngemixube ethile ye-NPK ukuze kunyangelwe umhlaba kunye nezityalo ezingenazondlo.
Izichumisi zemichiza zinexabiso eliphantsi kunezichumisi eziphilayo
Izichumisi zemichiza zikholisa ukuba nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunezichumisi eziphilayo.Kwelinye icala, ukubona kwinkqubo yokuvelisa izichumiso eziphilayo.Akunzima ukufumana izizathu zokuba kutheni izichumisi zendalo zineendleko: imfuno yokuvuna izinto eziphilayo eziza kusetyenziswa kwizichumisi, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuqinisekiswa kwe-organic ngama-arhente alawulayo karhulumente.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izichumisi zeekhemikhali ezijika zingabizi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zipakisha izondlo ezininzi ngeponti yobunzima, ngelixa izichumisi ze-organic zifuneka kwinqanaba elifanayo lezondlo.Umntu ufuna iikhilogram ezininzi zesichumiso esiphilayo ukubonelela ngamanqanaba ezondlo zomhlaba ezifanayo ezibonelelwa yiponti enye yesichumisi sekhemikhali.Ezo zizathu zi-2 zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi sekhemikhali kunye ne-organic fertilizer.Ezinye iingxelo zicebisa ukuba imakethi yezichumisi yase-US imalunga nama-40 eebhiliyoni zeedola apho izichumisi zendalo zihlala malunga nezigidi ezingama-60 zeedola.Intsalela yayo sisabelo sezichumisi ezahlukeneyo ezenziweyo.
Ukubonelela ngesondlo kwangoko
Ukubonelela ngesondlo esikhawulezileyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuthenga kwandise kakhulu izichumisi ezingaphiliyo.Izichumisi zemichiza ziye zaba sisiseko kwiifama ezininzi, iiyadi kunye neegadi, kwaye zinokuba yinxalenye ephambili yendlela yokukhathalela ingca enempilo.Noko ke, ngaba isichumiso sekhemikhali asinawo monakalo kumhlaba nakwizityalo?Ngaba akukho naziphi na izinto ezifuna ukuqatshelwa xa kufakwa izichumiso ezenziwe ngemichiza?Impendulo ngokupheleleyo nguHAYI!
Iziphumo zokusiNgqongileyo zokuSebenzisa izichumisi zokwenziwa
Ungcoliseko kumthombo wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba
Ezinye iikhompawundi zokwenziwa ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izichumisi zekhemikhali zinokuba neziphumo ezibi kokusingqongileyo xa zivunyelwe ukuba zibaleke ziye kwimithombo yamanzi.I-nitrojeni equkuqela emanzini angaphezulu kumhlaba wasefama yenza i-51% yezinto ezenziwa ngabantu.I-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-nitrate zezona zinto zingcolisa imilambo namachibi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-eutrophication kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Ukonakalisa isakhiwo somhlaba
● Ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wesichumisi sekhemikhali, eminye imiba yokusingqongileyo iya kuvela, efana ne-asidi yomhlaba kunye noqweqwe.Ngenxa yokusebenzisa ubuninzi besichumiso senitrogen, endaweni yesichumiso esiphilayo, umhlaba othile weefama ezishinyeneyo ukwindawo enzima yomhlaba, ekhokelela ekugqibeleni ekuphulukaneni nexabiso lokulima.Iziphumo zezichumisi zekhemikhali emhlabeni zinkulu kwaye azinakuguqulwa.
● Ukusebenzisa isichumiso semichiza ixesha elide kunokutshintsha ipH yomhlaba, kuphazamise i-ecosystem ye-microbial eluncedo, kwandise izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, kwanokufak’ isandla ekuphumeni kweegesi ze<em>greenhouse.
●Iintlobo ezininzi zezichumiso ezingaphiliyo zineasidi eninzi, nto leyo edla ngokunyusa ubumuncu bomhlaba, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo kwaye idodobalisa ukukhula kwezityalo.Ngokuphazamisa le ecosystem yendalo, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwesichumisi sokwenziwa kunokukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukungalingani kweekhemikhali kwizityalo ezifumanayo.
● Ukufakwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela imichiza eyityhefu efana ne-arsenic, i-cadmium, kunye ne-uranium emhlabeni.Ezi khemikhali ziyityhefu ekugqibeleni zinokungena kwiziqhamo nakwimifuno yakho.
Ukuba nolwazi olunengqiqo malunga nokufakwa kwesichumiso kunokuphepha inkcitho engeyomfuneko ekuthengeni izichumisi kunye nokwandisa isivuno sezityalo.
Ukukhetha isichumiso ngokweempawu zomhlaba
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isichumiso, kuyimfuneko ukuba wazi kakuhle umhlaba pH.Ukuba umhlaba ubolile, singonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso esiphilayo, sigcine ulawulo lwenitrogenous kwaye sihlale sisixa sesichumiso sephosphatic.
Ukusebenzisana kunyeisichumisi eziphilayo
Yeyona nto isetyenziswa ezolimoisichumisi eziphilayokunye nesichumiso sekhemikhali.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kuluncedo ukuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.Ngokusetyenziswa komgquba we-organic kunye nezichumisi zekhemikhali, i-organic matter yomhlaba iyahlaziywa kwaye umthamo wotshintshiselwano wokudibanisa umhlaba uyaphuculwa, onceda ukuphucula umsebenzi we-enzyme yomhlaba kunye nokunyusa ukufunxa kwezityalo.Inceda ukuphucula umgangatho wezityalo, ukuphucula umxholo weprotheni, i-amino acids kunye nezinye izondlo, kunye nokunciphisa umxholo we-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite kwimifuno kunye neziqhamo.
Ukukhetha indlela eyiyo yokuchumisa
Kwiindlela zokuchumisa kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, umxholo we-nitrate wemifuno kunye nezityalo kunye neentlobo ze-nitrogen emhlabeni zihlobene ngokusondeleyo.i-nitrogen ephezulu emhlabeni, isiqulatho esiphezulu se-nitrate kwimifuno, ngakumbi kwixesha lamva.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi sekhemikhali kufuneka kube kwangoko kwaye kungabi kakhulu.Isichumisi se-nitrogen asifanelekanga ukuba sisasazeke, kungenjalo kubangele ukuguquguquka okanye ilahleko.Ngenxa yokushukuma okuphantsi, isichumiso sephosphatic kufuneka sibe kwindawo enzulu.
Izichumisi zemichiza zenza ubabalo olukhulu ekukhuleni kwezityalo, ngelixa zikwanefuthe elikhulu kokusingqongileyo.
Kukho umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo eziswa nesichumiso sekhemikhali.Qiniseka ukuba uyakuqonda okwenzeka ngokwenene emhlabeni phantsi kweenyawo zakho, ukuze wenze ukhetho lwakho ngenyameko.
Umgaqo wokusebenzisa isichumisi sekhemikhali
Nciphisa ubungakanani besichumisi sekhemikhali faka kwaye udibanise nesichumiso esiphilayo.Yenza uxilongo lwesondlo ngokweemeko zomhlaba wengingqi kwaye ufake isichumiso ngokweemfuno zokwenyani.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-18-2021