Inkcitho yokutya iye yanda njengoko abantu behlabathi besanda kwaye nezixeko zisanda ngobukhulu.Izigidi zeetoni zokutya zilahlwa kwinkunkuma ehlabathini lonke nyaka ngamnye.Phantse i-30% yeziqhamo zehlabathi, imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo, inyama kunye nokutya okupakishweyo kulahlwa minyaka le.Inkunkuma yokutya iye yaba yingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo kwilizwe ngalinye.Izixa ezikhulu zokulahlwa kokutya zibangela ungcoliseko olukhulu, olulonakalisa umoya, amanzi, umhlaba kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.Kwelinye icala, inkunkuma yokutya iqhekeza i-anaerobicly ukuvelisa iigesi ze-greenhouse ezifana ne-methane, i-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye izinto ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi.Inkunkuma yokutya ivelisa iitoni ezizibhiliyoni ezi-3.3 zeegesi zegreenhouse.Inkunkuma yokutya, kwelinye icala, iphoswa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ethatha imihlaba emikhulu, ivelisa igesi yokulahla kunye nothuli oludadayo.Ukuba inkunkuma eveliswa ngexesha lokulahla inkunkuma ayiphathwa kakuhle, iya kubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini, ungcoliseko lomhlaba kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Ukutshiswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokulahla inkunkuma kunezithintelo ezinkulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwenkunkuma yokutya kuya kuba negalelo ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo.
Indlela inkunkuma yokutya eveliswa ngayo kwisichumiso esiphilayo.
Iziqhamo, imifuno, iimveliso zobisi, iisiriyeli, isonka, amabala ekofu, amaqokobhe amaqanda, inyama kunye namaphephandaba anokuvundiswa.Inkunkuma yokutya yinto ekhethekileyo yokwenza umgquba ongumthombo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo.Inkunkuma yokutya ibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, ezifana nesitatshi, iselulosi, iprotein lipids kunye neetyuwa ezingaphiliyo, kunye neN, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K ezinye izinto zokulandelela.Inkunkuma yokutya ine-biodegradable elungileyo, enokufikelela kuma-85%.Ineempawu zomxholo ophezulu we-organic, ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nezondlo ezininzi, kwaye inexabiso eliphezulu lokuphinda lisetyenziswe.Ngenxa yokuba inkunkuma yokutya ineempawu zokufuma okuphezulu kunye nesakhiwo soxinaniso oluphantsi lomzimba, kubalulekile ukuxuba inkunkuma yokutya okutsha kunye ne-agent agent, ethatha ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwaye yongeza isakhiwo sokuxuba.
Inkunkuma yokutya inamanqanaba aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo, kunye neprotheni ekrwada i-15% - 23%, amafutha kwi-17% - 24%, iiminerali kwi-3% - 5%, i-Ca i-54%, i-sodium chloride ye-3% - 4%; njl.
Inkqubo yeteknoloji kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nokuguqulwa kwenkunkuma yokutya ibe sisichumisi esiphilayo.
Kwaziwa kakuhle ukuba izinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yokulahla inkunkuma ibangela ungcoliseko kokusingqongileyo.Kungokunje, amanye amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho amisele inkqubo ephilileyo yokucocwa kwenkunkuma yokutya.EJamani, umzekelo, inkunkuma yokutya iphathwa ikakhulu ngokwenza umgquba kunye nokuvundiswa kwe-anaerobic, ukuvelisa malunga ne-5 yezigidi zeetoni zesichumiso esivela kwinkunkuma yokutya ngonyaka.Ngokufakela inkunkuma yokutya e-UK, malunga ne-20 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2 ezikhutshwayo zinokuncitshiswa nyaka ngamnye.Umgquba usetyenziswa phantse kwi-95% yezixeko zase-US.Ukwenza umgquba kunokuzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, kuquka nokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwamanzi, kwaye iinzuzo zoqoqosho zininzi.
♦ Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
Amanzi licandelo elisisiseko lokulahlwa kokutya okubalelwa kwi-70% -90%, nesisiseko sokonakala kokutya.Ngoko ke, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuguqula inkunkuma yokutya ibe sisichumisi esiphilayo.
Isixhobo sokulahla ukutya kwangaphambili linyathelo lokuqala lokunyanga inkunkuma yokutya.Iquka ikakhulu iDewatering Systemà Feeding Systemà Automatic Sorting Systemà Solid-Liquid separatorà Oil-Water Separatorà In-vessel composter.Ukuqukuqela okusisiseko kunokohlulwa ngokwala manyathelo alandelayo:
1. Inkunkuma yokutya kufuneka iphelelwe ngamanzi kuqala kuba inamanzi amaninzi.
2. Ukususwa kwenkunkuma ye-inorganic kwinkunkuma yokutya, njengesinyithi, iinkuni, iiplastiki, amaphepha, amalaphu, njl.njl., ngokuhlelwa.
3. Inkunkuma yokutya iyahlelwa kwaye yondliwe ibe yi-screw yohlobo lwe-slid-liquid separator ukutyumza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokunciphisa amafutha.
4. Iintsalela zokutya ezicudiweyo zomiswe kwaye zifakwe inzalo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukususa ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pathogenic microorganisms.Ukucoleka kunye nokoma kokulahlwa kokutya okufunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe umgquba, kunye nenkunkuma yokutya inokuthunyelwa kwi-compost engaphakathi kwisitya ngokuthe ngqo ngebhanti yokuhambisa.
5. Amanzi asuswe kwinkunkuma yokutya ngumxube weoli kunye namanzi, ahlulwe ngumhlukanisi wamanzi oyile.Ioyile eyahluliweyo icutshungulwa nzulu ukufumana i-biodiesel okanye i-oyile yoshishino.
Iplanti yokulahla inkunkuma yokutya iyonke ineenzuzo zemveliso ephezulu, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nomjikelo omfutshane wemveliso.
♦ Umgquba
Itanki yokuvubelaluhlobo lwetanki ebiyelwe ngokupheleleyo kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yobushushu obuphezulu be-aerobic fermentation, ethatha indawo yobuchwepheshe bemveli bomgquba.Ukushisa okuphezulu okuvaliweyo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwi-tank ivelisa umgquba ophezulu, onokuthi ulawuleke ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uzinzile.
Umgquba ongaphakathi kwinqanawa uyagqunywa, kwaye ulawulo lobushushu yeyona nto iphambili ngexesha lokwenziwa komgquba.Ukonakaliswa okukhawulezileyo kwezinto eziphilayo ezinokonakala ngokulula kuphunyezwa ngokugcina iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezincinci.Ukufumana ubushushu obuphezulu bokungasebenzisi i-micro-organisms kunye nembewu yokhula kuyimfuneko.Ukuvubela kuqalwa zizidalwa ezincinci ezivele ngokwemvelo kwinkunkuma yokutya, ziqhekeza izinto zomgquba, zikhuphe izondlo, zinyuse amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma 60-70°C afunekayo ukuze kubulawe iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo kunye nembewu yokhula, kwaye zihlangabezane ne imigaqo yokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma ephilayo.Umgquba ongaphakathi emkhumbini unelona xesha likhawulezayo lokubola, elinokuthi lichithe i-compost yokutya ngeentsuku ezi-4.Emva nje kweentsuku ezi-4-7, umgquba uyakhutshwa, ongenavumba, ucocekile, kwaye utyebile kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye unexabiso lezondlo elilinganayo.
Esi sichumiso esingenavumba, i-aseptic ye-organic iveliswa yi-compost ayigcini nje ukusindisa umhlaba wokuzalisa ukukhusela indalo, kodwa iya kuzisa izibonelelo ezithile zoqoqosho.
♦ Igranulation
Gizichumisi eziphilayo ranulardlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuchule bokubonelela ngezichumiso kwicala lehlabathi.Undoqo ekuphuculeni isivuno sesichumiso esiphilayo kukukhetha umatshini ofanelekileyo we-organic fertilizer granulation.I-granulation yinkqubo yokwenza izinto zibe ngamasuntswana amancinci, iphucula izinto zobuchwepheshe, inqande i-caking kunye nokwandisa iipropati zokuhamba, yenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa kweemali ezincinci, iququzelele ukulayishwa, ukuthutha, njl. ngomatshini wethu we-organic fertilizer granulation.Izinga le-granulation yezinto eziphathekayo linokufikelela kwi-100%, kwaye umxholo we-organic unokuba phezulu ukuya kwi-100%.
Kufama oMkhulu, ubungakanani bamasuntswana obulungele ukusetyenziswa kwimarike bubalulekile.Umatshini wethu unokuvelisa izichumisi eziphilayo ezinobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, njenge-0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm.Igranulation yesichumiso esiphilayoinikeza ezinye zeendlela ezisebenzayo zokudibanisa iiminerali ukwenza isichumisi esinezondlo ezininzi, ukuvumela ukugcinwa kwezinto ezininzi kunye nokupakishwa, kunye nokubonelela ngokulula kokuphatha kunye nokusetyenziswa.Izichumisi ze-organic granular zilungele ukusetyenziswa, zikhululekile kwivumba elingathandekiyo, imbewu yokhula, kunye ne-pathogens, kwaye ukubunjwa kwabo kuyaziwa.Xa kuthelekiswa nomgquba wezilwanyana, ziqukethe amaxesha angama-4.3 ngaphezulu kwe-nitrogen (N), amaxesha ama-4 e-phosphorous (P2O5) kunye namaxesha amaninzi angama-8.2 ngaphezulu kwe-potassium (K2O).Isichumisi segranular siphucula ukusebenza komhlaba ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-humus, izikhombisi ezininzi zemveliso yomhlaba ziyaphuculwa: ezibonakalayo, iikhemikhali, iimpawu zomhlaba we-microbiological kunye nokufuma, umoya, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye nezivuno zezityalo.
♦ Yomile kwaye ipholile.
Ukomisa igubu elijikelezayo kunye nomatshini wokupholisazisoloko zisetyenziswa kunye ngexesha lomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso.Umxholo wamanzi we-organic fertilizer uyasuswa, ukushisa kwe-granules kuncitshisiwe, ukufezekisa injongo yokucoca kunye ne-deodorization.Amanyathelo amabini anokunciphisa ukulahleka kwezondlo kwi-granules kunye namandla aphuculweyo.
♦ I-Sieve kunye nephakheji.
Inkqubo yokuhlolwa kukwahlula ezo zichumiso zegranular zingafanelanga zigqitywe yiumatshini wokuhlola igubu elijikelezayo.Izichumisi zegranular ezingafanelekanga zithunyelwa ukuba ziphinde zicutshungulwe kwakhona, ngeli xesha isichumiso esifanelekileyo siya kupakishwa ngu.umatshini wokupakisha ozenzekelayo.
Zuza kwinkunkuma yokutya kwisichumisi esiphilayo
Ukuguqula inkunkuma yokutya ibe zizichumisi eziphilayo kunokudala inzuzo yezoqoqosho kunye nendalo enokuthi iphucule impilo yomhlaba kwaye incede ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.Irhasi yendalo ehlaziyekayo kunye neefuel zebhayoloji nazo zinokuveliswa kwinkunkuma yokutya esetyenzisiweyo, enokunceda ukunciphisaigesi eluhlazaukukhutshwa kunye nokuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
Isichumisi sendalo sesona sondlo somhlaba.Ingumthombo olungileyo wesondlo sezityalo, kuquka i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium kunye ne-micronutrients, eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo.Ayinakunciphisa kuphela izitshabalalisi zezityalo kunye nezifo, kodwa iphinde inciphise imfuno yeentlobo ngeentlobo zokubulala ukungunda kunye neekhemikhali.Izichumisi zendalo ezikumgangatho ophezuluiya kusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo, kubandakanywa ezolimo, iifama zengingqi kunye nemiboniso yeentyatyambo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, eziya kuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho ngqo kubavelisi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-18-2021