Ulawulo lwemeko yeimveliso yezichumiso eziphilayo, ekusebenzeni, ukusebenzisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nebhayoloji kwinkqubo yemfumba ye-compost.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imeko yokulawula intsebenziswano kunye nokulungelelaniswa.Kwelinye icala, iiroyi zomoya ezahlukeneyo zixutywe kunye, ngenxa yendalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nesantya sokuthotywa esahlukileyo.
●Ukulawula ukufuma
Ukufuma yimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwi-organic composting.Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba, ukufuma kwento yokuqala yokuvundisa yi-40% ukuya kwi-70%, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle komgquba.Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokufuma yi-60-70%.Ukufuma kwempahla ephezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu kunokuchaphazela umsebenzi we-aerobiotic microbial ukuze ummiselo wamanzi uqhutywe phambi kokuvundiswa.Xa ubumanzi bezinto eziphathekayo bungaphantsi kwe-60%, ukufudumeza kuyacotha, ubushushu buphantsi kunye neqondo lokubola lingaphantsi.Ukufuma kungaphezulu kwe-70%, okunefuthe ekungeneni komoya kuyo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yi-anaerobic fermentation, ukufudumeza okucothayo kunye nokubola kakubi.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukongeza amanzi kwimfumba ye-compost kunokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa komgquba kunye nokuzinza kwelona binzana lisebenzayo.Umthamo wamanzi kufuneka uhlale u-50-60%.Ukufuma kufuneka kongezwe emva koko kugcinwe kwi-40% ukuya kwi-50%, ngelixa kufuneka kungavuzi.Ukufuma kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-30% kwiimveliso.Ukuba ukufuma kuphezulu, kufuneka yome kubushushu obuyi-80℃.
●Ulawulo lobushushu
Ubushushu ziziphumo zomsebenzi we-microorganism.Imisela intsebenziswano yezinto.Kwiqondo lobushushu le-30 ~ 50℃ kwinqanaba lokuqala lemfumba ye-compost, umsebenzi we-mesophile unokuvelisa ubushushu, nto leyo eyenza ubushushu bomgquba.Elona qondo lobushushu lalingama-55 ~ 60℃.I-Thermophilic microorganisms inokunciphisa inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo kwaye iphule ngokukhawuleza i-cellulose ngexesha elifutshane.Ubushushu obuphezulu yimeko efunekayo yokubulala inkunkuma enetyhefu, kubandakanywa iintsholongwane, amaqanda e-parasite kunye nembewu yokhula, njl njl. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kuthatha iiveki ezi-2 ~ 3 ukubulala inkunkuma eyingozi kwiqondo lobushushu le-55 ℃, 65 ℃ iveki enye, okanye 70 ℃ iiyure ezininzi.
Isiqulatho sokufuma yinto echaphazela ubushushu bomgquba.Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunokuthoba ubushushu bomgquba.Ukulungelelanisa ukufuma kukhuthaza ukufudumeza kwinqanaba lamva lomgquba.Ubushushu bunokucuthwa ngokunyusa umthamo wokufuma, kuthintelwe ubushushu obuphezulu kwinkqubo ye-compost.
Ukwenza umgquba ngomnye umba wolawulo lobushushu.Umgquba unokulawula ubushushu bemathiriyeli kwaye uphucule ukuvela kwamanzi, ukunyanzela umoya kwimfumba.Yindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa ubushushu bereactor ngokusebenzisaumatshini wokujika umgquba.Ibonakaliswa ngokusebenza okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.Ukulungelelanisa ubuninzi bomgquba kulawula ubushushu kunye nexesha lobushushu obuphezulu.
●Ulawulo lomlinganiselo we-C/N
Xa umlinganiselo we-C/N ufanelekile, ukuvundisa kungaveliswa kakuhle.Ukuba umlinganiselo we C/N uphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenitrogen kunye nokunqongophala kwendalo okusingqongileyo, izinga lokuthotywa kwenkunkuma ephilayo liyacotha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ixesha lokuvundisa umgquba libe lide.Ukuba umlinganiselo we-C/N uphantsi kakhulu, ikhabhoni ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ubuninzi benitrogen bulahleka ngeendlela ze-ammonia.Ayichaphazeli nje indawo esingqongileyo kodwa ikwanciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumiso senitrogen.Ii-Microbes zenza i-microbial protoplasm ngexesha le-organic composting.Kwisiseko sobunzima obomileyo, iprotoplasm iqulethe i-50% yekhabhoni, i-5% ye-nitrogen kunye ne-0. 25% ye-phosphate.Ngoko ke, abaphandi bacebisa ukuba i-C / N efanelekileyo ye-compost yi-20-30%.
I-C/N ratio ye-organic compost ingatshintshwa ngokongeza izinto eziqulethe i-carbon ephezulu okanye i-nitrogen ephezulu.Ezinye izinto, ezifana neendiza, ukhula, iinkuni ezifileyo kunye namagqabi, zinemicu, i-lignin kunye ne-pectin.Ngenxa yokuba i-C/N iphezulu, inokusetyenziswa njengento eyongeza ikhabhoni ephezulu.Ngenxa yesiqulatho senitrogen ephezulu, umgquba wemfuyo unokusetyenziswa njengezongezo ezinenitrogen eninzi.Umzekelo, umgquba wehagu une-ammonium nitrogen efumaneka kwi-80 yepesenti ye-microbes, ukuze ikhuthaze ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kwe-microbial kunye nokuzala kunye nokukhawulezisa ukukhula kwe-compost.Uhlobo olutsha lwegranulator yesichumiso esiphilayoifanelekile kwesi sigaba.Xa izinto zemvelaphi zingena kumatshini, izongezo zinokongezwa ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
●Ukungenisa umoya kunye nokubonelela nge-oxygen
Yinto ebalulekileyo ukuba umgquba ube nomoya owaneleyo kunye neoksijini.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukubonelela ngeoksijini eyimfuneko yokukhula kwe-microbial.Ukulawula ubushushu bokusabela ngokulawula ukungena komoya ukuze kulawulwe ubushushu obuphezulu bomgquba kunye nexesha lokwenzeka kwayo.Ngelixa ugcina ezona meko zobushushu ziphezulu, ukonyusa umoya kunokususa ukufuma.Ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kunye neoksijini kunokunciphisa ilahleko yenitrogen, ukuveliswa kwevumba kunye nokufuma, ekulula ukugcina iimveliso eziqhubekayo.
Ukufuma komgquba kunempembelelo kwi-aeration porosity kunye nomsebenzi we-microbial, oya kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-oxygen.Yinto ethatha isigqibo ekuhlanganiseni umgquba.Kudinga ukulawula umswakama kunye nokuphefumula umoya ngesiseko seempawu zezinto eziphathekayo, ukufezekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwamanzi kunye ne-oxygen.Ngelixa kuqwalaselwa zombini, inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-microbial kunye nokuzala kunye nokwandisa imeko yolawulo.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-oxygen konyuka ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwe-60 ℃, ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi okuphezulu kune-60 ℃ kwaye kufutshane ne-zero ngaphezu kwe-70 ℃.Ubungakanani bokungena komoya kunye neoksijini kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuhambelana nobushushu obuhlukeneyo.
● ulawulo lwe-pH
Ixabiso le-pH lichaphazela yonke inkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvundisa, i-pH ichaphazela umsebenzi webhaktheriya.Umzekelo, ipH=6.0 yindawo engumda wehagu evuthwayo kunye nothuli lwesarha.Ithintela i-carbon dioxide kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu kwi-pH <6.0.Inyuka ngokukhawuleza kwi-carbon dioxide kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu kwi-PH> 6. 0. Ngelixa ingena kwisigaba sokushisa okuphezulu, isenzo esidibeneyo se-pH ephezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bukhokelela kwi-volatilization ye-ammonia.Iintsholongwane ziyehla zibe yiasidi ephilayo kunye ne-compost, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni i-pH, ukuya kwi-5 okanye njalo.Kwaye ke iiasidi eziphilayo eziguqukayo ziyaguquka ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu.Okwangoku, i-ammonia, idilizwe yi-organics, yenza ukuba i-pH inyuke.Ekugqibeleni, izinza kwinqanaba eliphezulu.Kubushushu obuphezulu bomgquba, ixabiso le-pH kwi-7.5 ~ 8.5 linokufikelela kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokuvundisa.I-pH ephezulu kakhulu inokubangela ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo kwe-ammonia, ngoko inokunciphisa i-pH ngokudibanisa i-alum kunye ne-phosphoric acid.
Ngamafutshane, ukulawula umgangatho womgquba akukho lula.Kulula ukuba a
imeko enye.Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ziyadityaniswa ukuze kuphunyezwe ukulungelelaniswa kwemeko yokwenziwa komgquba, yonke inkqubo kufuneka ibanjiswene.Xa imeko yolawulo ifanelekile, ukwenza umgquba kungalungiswa kakuhle.Ngoko ke, iye yabeka isiseko esiluqilima sokuvelisa umgquba womgangatho ophezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-18-2021