Injani iizichumisiiveliswe?
Izichumisi ziveliswa ngokudibanisa okanye ngokucoca izinto zendalo.Izichumisi zokwenziwa eziqhelekileyo ziquka initrogen, iphosphorus, kunye nepotash.Izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwezi zichumisi ziphuma kwipetroleum, minerali kunye nemithombo yendalo.Isichumiso se-nitrojeni senziwa ngokusabela kweekhemikhali ze-ammonia yegesi, isichumiso se-phosphate sifunyanwa ngonyango lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-phosphate ore, kwaye isichumiso se-potassium sifunyanwa ngonyango lomzimba kunye nemichiza ye-potash ore.Kukwakho nezichumisi ze biomass, ezifana nezichumiso ze organic kunye ne composts zomgquba, eziphuma kwizinto eziphilayo.
Izichumisi ezihlanjululweyo ngokwemvelo, ezifana ne-phosphorus yamatye, i-sodium sulfate, kunye ne-nitrate ye-sodium, zikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiiminerali zendalo okanye zihlanjululwe ngeendlela zomzimba okanye zekhemikhali.
Izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-ammonia kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide, zinokuveliswa ngexesha lokuveliswa kwezichumisi, ezifuna ukunyangwa kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yelizwe lokukhusela indalo.Ukukhethwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali kufuneka kulandele ifomula yomhlaba kunye neemfuno zezityalo.Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kuba nemiphumo emibi emhlabeni kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zemichiza kufuneka kulandele isixa esimiselweyo sokuchumisa kunye nexesha lokuchumisa, kwaye uhlengahlengiso lokuchumisa kufuneka lwenziwe ngokohlobo lomhlaba, umhlaba, imozulu kunye nezinye izinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe isiphumo esihle sokuchumisa.Kwinkqubo yokuchumisa, imiba enjengokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izichumisi zekhemikhali azingcolisi indalo okanye zichaphazela impilo yabantu.
Ukongeza, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuze kulungiswe impembelelo embi yezichumiso zemichiza kokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu, kuye kwacetywa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-organic Agriculture, ephunyezwa ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwezichumiso eziphilayo, ukuphuculwa komhlaba, kunye nolawulo lwamafama. .Iinjongo zemveliso esebenzayo nengenabungozi kokusingqongileyo.
Ukongeza, obunye ubuchwephesha bezichumiso bukwaphantsi kophuhliso, njengezichumisi ze-biochar, izichumisi ezincinci, kunye nezichumisi ezitsalwa kwizityalo.Izondlo zezityalo zinika igalelo elizinzileyo nelihlala ixesha elide.
Ngamafutshane, izichumisi zeekhemikhali zingumthombo oyimfuneko wezondlo kwimveliso yezolimo, kodwa ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zemichiza kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo imiba yendalo kunye nempilo yabantu, kwaye izisombululo ezibanzi kufuneka zamkelwe ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye. impilo yabantu ngaxeshanye.
Zeziphi izichumisi ezi-4 eziphambili?
Izichumisi ezi-4 eziphambili yinitrogen, iphosphorus, ipotash kunye necalcium.
1.Isichumiso se-nitrogen: I-nitrogen yenye yezondlo ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhula kwesityalo, enokuthi ikhuthaze ukukhula kweziqu kunye namagqabi ezityalo.Izichumisi zenitrogen eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, urea njalo njalo.
2.Isichumiso sePhosphorus: Iphosphorus sisondlo esibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iingcambu zezityalo kunye nokuzala, kwaye inokukhuthaza ukumelana noxinzelelo lwezityalo.Izichumisi eziqhelekileyo ze-phosphate ziquka i-diammonium phosphate, i-triammonium phosphate, kunye ne-sodium phosphate.
3.Isichumiso se Potassium: I Potassium sesona sondlo esibalulekileyo sokuvuthwa kweziqhamo zezityalo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo, kwaye inokukhuthaza ukukhula kweziqhamo zezityalo kunye neziqhamo.Izichumisi eziqhelekileyo ze-potassium ziquka i-potassium chloride kunye ne-potassium sulfate.
4.Isichumisi seCalcium: Icalcium yinto ebalulekileyo kuzinzo lwesakhiwo sodonga lweseli yezityalo kunye nemfuzo, enceda izityalo zixhathise izifo kwaye ziqhelane nokusingqongileyo.Izichumisi eziqhelekileyo ze-calcium ziquka i-lime kunye ne-calcium carbonate.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2023