Unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo komgquba wemfuyo kunokuzisa ingeniso enkulu kuninzi lwamafama, kodwa kwanokwandisa uphuculo lweshishini labo.
Isichumiso sebhayoloji ephilayoluhlobo lwesichumisi esinemisebenzi yesichumisi se-microbial kunye ne-organic fertilizer, ephuma ikakhulu kwiintsalela zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo (ezifana nomgquba wemfuyo, i-straw yezityalo, njl.) kwaye iqulunqwe ngonyango olungenabungozi.
Oku kugqiba ukuba i-biological organic fertilizer inamacandelo amabini: 1) umsebenzi othile we-microorganisms.2) inkunkuma ephathwayo.
1) I-microorganism ethile esebenzayo
Ii-microorganisms ezithile ezisebenzayo kwisichumiso sebhayoloji zihlala zibhekisa kwii-microorganisms, kubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktheriya, umngundo kunye ne-actinomycetes, enokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezondlo zomhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo emva kokufakwa emhlabeni.Imisebenzi ethile ingahlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Ibhaktiriya yokulungisa i-nitrogen:
(1) iibhaktiriya ezilungisa initrogen kwi-symbiotic: ikakhulu ibhekisa kwisityalo esinemidumba efana ne: rhizobia, i-nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, izithole zerhizobia ezilungisa i-ammonia, njl njl.;Iibhaktiriya ezilungisa initrogen kwizityalo ezingezizo izityalo ezifana neFranklinella, iCyanobacteria, ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo kwenitrogen kuphezulu.
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(3) Iibhaktheriya ezidibanisa i-nitrogen-fixing: ibhekisela kwii-microorganisms ezinokuthi zibe yedwa kuphela xa zihlala kwiingcambu kunye neqabunga le-rhizosphere yezityalo, ezifana ne-Pseudomonas genus, i-lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, njl.
2. Ukunyibilika kwePhosphorus (ukunyibilika) umngundo: Bacillus (ezifana Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, njl.), Pseudomonas (ezifana Pseudomonas fluorescens), iibhaktheriya Nitrogen-fixed, Rhizobium, Thiospernicillidanum, iRhizobium, i-Tiosperinipus, i-Rhizobium, i-Tiosperocillus, i-Rhizobium. , Streptomyces, njl.
3. I-Dissolved (i-dissolved) ibhaktheriya ye-potassium: iibhaktheriya ze-silicate (ezifana ne-colloid Bacillus, i-colloid Bacillus, i-cyclosporillus), ibhaktheriya ye-potassium engekho-silicate.
4. Ii-Antibiotics: i-Trichoderma (efana ne-Trichoderma harzianum), i-actinomycetes (efana ne-Streptomyces flatus, i-Streptomyces sp. sp.), i-Pseudomonas fluorescens, i-Bacillus polymyxa, iindidi ze-Bacillus subtilis, njl.
5. Iibhaktheriya ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwe-Rhizosphere kunye ne-fungi ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo.
6. Iibhaktheriya zeqonga lokukhanya: iintlobo ezininzi ze-Pseudomonas gracilis kunye neentlobo ezininzi ze-Pseudomonas gracilis.Ezi ntlobo ziibhaktheriya ze-aerobic ezinokukhula kubukho be-hydrogen kwaye zilungele ukuveliswa kwesichumisi sebhayoloji.
7. Iibhaktheriya ezichasene nezinambuzane kunye nokwanda kwemveliso: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps kunye neBacillus.
8. Iibhaktheriya zokubola kwe-cellulose: i-thermophilic lateral spora, i-Trichoderma, i-Mucor, njl.
9. Ezinye ii-microorganisms ezisebenzayo: emva kokuba ii-microorganisms zingene emhlabeni, zinokufihla izinto ezisebenzayo ze-physiological ukukhuthaza nokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo.Ezinye zazo zinefuthe lokuhlanjululwa kunye nokubola kwi-toxins yomhlaba, njengegwele kunye ne-lactic acid bacteria.
2) Izinto eziphilayo ezivela kwiintsalela zezilwanyana eziye zabola.Izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa, azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza isichumisi, nazo azikwazi ukungena kwimarike.
Ukwenza ukuba ibhaktheriya idibane ngokupheleleyo nemathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye ifezekise ukuvutshelwa ngokucokisekileyo, inokushukunyiswa ngokulinganayo.umatshini wokujika umgqubanjengoko kungezantsi:
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:
(1) Umgquba: inkukhu, ihagu, inkomo, igusha, ihashe nobunye ubulongwe bezilwanyana;
(2) Iindiza: iindiza zombona, iindiza, iindiza zengqolowa, iindiza zeembotyi zesoya nezinye izikhondo zezityalo;
(3) ikhoba nebran.I-Rice husk powder, i-peanut husk powder, i-peanut seedling powder, i-rice bran, i-fungus bran, njl.;
(4) i-dregs: i-distiller's dregs, i-soy sauce dregs, i-dregs yeviniga, i-furfural dregs, i-xylose dregs, i-enzyme dregs, i-garlic dregs, i-sugar dregs, njl.
(5) isidlo sekeyiki.Ikeyiki yeembotyi zesoya, umgubo weembotyi zesoya, ioyile, ikeyiki yerapeseed, njl.
(6) Olunye udaka lwasekhaya, udaka lokucoca lokucoca iswekile, udaka lweswekile, i-bagasse, njl.
Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziswa njengezondlo ezincedisayo kwimveliso ye-biological organic fertilizer emva kokuvundiswa.
Ngemicroorganisms ezithile kunye nezixhobo eziphilayo ezibolileyo ezi meko zimbini zinokwenziwa ngesichumiso se-biological organic.
1) Indlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo
1, khetha ibhaktheriya ethile ye-microbial: inokusetyenziswa njengenye okanye iindidi ezimbini, ubukhulu becala hayi ngaphezulu kweentlobo ezintathu, kuba ukhetho oluninzi lweebhaktheriya, lukhuphisana ngezondlo phakathi komnye nomnye, lukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni ngokubambisana kwe-offset.
2. Ukubalwa kwenani lokongezwa: ngokwemigangatho ye-NY884-2012 ye-bio-organic fertilizer e-China, inani elisebenzayo lebhaktheriya ephilayo ye-bio-organic fertilizer kufuneka ifikelele kwi-0.2 yezigidi / g.Kwitoni enye yezinto eziphilayo, ngaphezu kwe-2 kg ye-microorganisms ethile esebenzayo kunye nenani elisebenzayo leebhaktheriya eziphilayo ≥10 billion / g kufuneka zongezwe.Ukuba inani lebhaktheriya esebenzayo li-1 billion / g, ngaphezu kwe-20 kg kuya kufuneka ukuba yongezwe, njalo njalo.Amazwe ahlukeneyo kufuneka adibanise ngokufanelekileyo kwiikhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo.
3. Indlela yokongeza: Yongeza ibhaktiriya esebenzayo (umgubo) kwizinto eziphilayo ezivundisiweyo ngokwendlela ecetyisiweyo kwimanuwali yokusebenza, yixube ngokulinganayo kwaye uyipakishe.
4. Izilumkiso: (1) Musa ukomiswa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-100℃, kungenjalo iya kubulala iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukomisa, kufuneka yongezwe emva kokumisa.(2) Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, umxholo webhaktheriya kwisichumiso sebhayoloji esilungiselelwe yindlela yokubala eqhelekileyo kaninzi ayifiki kwidatha efanelekileyo, ngoko kwinkqubo yokulungiselela, ii-microorganisms ezisebenzayo zongezwa ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-10% ephezulu kunedatha efanelekileyo. .
2) ukuguga okwesibini kunye nendlela yenkcubeko yokwandisa
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo, le ndlela inenzuzo yokugcina iindleko zebhaktheriya.Icala elisezantsi lelokuba imifuniselo iyafuneka ukumisela inani leentsholongwane ezinokuthi zongezwe, ngelixa ukongeza inkqubo encinci.Kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba imali eyongeziweyo ibe ngama-20% okanye ngaphezulu kwendlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ifikelele kumgangatho wesizwe wesichumiso sebhayoloji yendalo ngokusebenzisa indlela yesibini yokuguga.Amanyathelo okusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Khetha ibhaktheriya ethile ye-microbial (umgubo) : ingaba yintlobo enye okanye ezimbini, ubukhulu becala ayikho ngaphezu kweentlobo ezintathu, kuba iibhaktheriya ezininzi zikhetha, zikhuphisane ngezondlo phakathi komnye nomnye, zikhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwisiphumo se-bacteria ehlukeneyo.
2. Ukubalwa komlinganiselo wokongezwa: ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho we-bio-organic fertilizer e-China, inani elisebenzayo lebhaktheriya ephilayo ye-bio-organic fertilizer kufuneka ifikelele kwi-0.2 yezigidi / g.Kwitoni enye yezinto eziphilayo, inani elisebenzayo leebhaktheriya eziphilayo ≥10 billion / g ye-microbial ethile esebenzayo (powder) kufuneka yongezwe ubuncinane i-0.4 kg.Ukuba inani lebhaktheriya esebenzayo li-1 billion / g, ngaphezu kwe-4 kg kuya kufuneka ukuba yongezwe, njalo njalo.Amazwe ahlukeneyo kufuneka alandele imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokongezwa okufanelekileyo.
3. Indlela yokongeza: ibhaktiriya esebenzayo (umgubo) kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa, i-rice husk powder, i-bran okanye enye nayiphi na enye yazo yokuxuba, yongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphilayo ezivundisiweyo, ukuxuba ngokulinganayo, ukupakishwa iintsuku ezi-3-5 ukwenza okucacileyo. iibhaktheriya ezisebenzayo ukuzizalisa.
4. Ukulawulwa komswakama kunye nokushisa: ngexesha lokuvuthwa kwe-stacking, umswakama kunye nokushisa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokweempawu zezinto eziphilayo zebhaktheriya esebenzayo.Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukuphakama kwe-stacking kufuneka kuncitshiswe.
5. Ukufunyanwa komxholo webhaktheriya esebenzayo: emva kokuphela kokupakishwa, isampuli kunye nokuthumela kwiziko elinamandla okubona i-microbial ukuvavanya kwangaphambili ukuba umxholo we-microorganisms ezithile unokuhlangabezana nomgangatho, ukuba unokufezekiswa, unokwenza isichumiso se-biological organic. ngale ndlela.Ukuba oku akufezekiswanga, nyusa inani elongezelelweyo lebhaktheriya ethile esebenzayo ukuya kwi-40% yendlela yokongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye uphinde uvavanye kude kube yimpumelelo.
6. Izilumkiso: Musa ukomiswa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-100℃, kungenjalo iya kubulala iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukomisa, kufuneka yongezwe emva kokumisa.
Kwimveliso yesichumiso se-bio-organic emva kokuvundiswa, ngokuqhelekileyo zizinto ezinomgubo, ezihlala zibhabha nomoya ngexesha elomileyo, ezibangela ilahleko yezinto eziluhlaza kunye nongcoliseko lothuli.Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukunciphisa uthuli kunye nokukhusela i-caking, inkqubo ye-granulation isetyenziswa rhoqo.Ungasebenzisa i-granulator yezinyo evuselelayo kumfanekiso ongentla kwi-granulation, ingasetyenziswa kwi-acid ye-humic, i-carbon black, i-kaolin kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima ze-granulate.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-18-2021