Ulawulo olunemiqathango lwemveliso yesichumiso esiphilayo kukudibana kweempawu zomzimba kunye nebhayoloji kwinkqubo yokwenza umgquba.Iimeko zolawulo zilungelelaniswa ngokusebenzisana.Ngenxa yeepropati ezahlukeneyo kunye nesantya sokuthotywa, imibhobho yomoya eyahlukeneyo kufuneka ixutywe kunye.
Ukulawula ukufuma.
Ukufuma yimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwi-organic composting, kwinkqubo yokwenza umgquba, umthamo wamanzi onxulumeneyo wemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-compost yi-40% ukuya kwi-70%, eqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yokuvundisa.Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokufuma yi-60-70%.Ukuphakama kakhulu okanye okuphantsi kakhulu kokunyakama kwezinto kuchaphazela umsebenzi we-aerobic microbial, ngoko ke ummiselo wamanzi kufuneka uqhutywe phambi kokuvundiswa.Xa ubumanzi bezinto eziphathekayo bungaphantsi kwama-60%, isantya sokufudumeza sihamba kancinci kwaye ubushushu buyancipha.Ukufuma okungaphezulu kwe-70%, kunempembelelo ekungeneni komoya, ukubunjwa kwe-anaerobic fermentation, ukufudumeza okucothayo, ukubola kakubi njalo njalo.Ukugalela amanzi kwingqumba yomgquba kungakhawulezisa ukukhula nokuzinza komgquba.Amanzi kufuneka agcinwe kwi-50-60%.Emva koko, yongeza ukufuma ukuze ugcine kwi-40% ukuya kwi-50%.
Ulawulo lobushushu.
Kuyisiphumo somsebenzi we-microbial, omisela ukusebenzisana kwezinto.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomgquba, iqondo lobushushu lingama-30 ukuya kuma-50 degrees C, kwaye umsebenzi onxanelwe igazi uvelisa ubushushu, obudala ubushushu bomgquba.Obona bushushu buphezulu bungama-55 ukuya kuma-60 degreesCelsius.Ii-microorganisms ezijongene nobushushu zinciphisa ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo kwaye ziphule i-cellulose ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elifutshane.Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ayimfuneko ukuze kubulawe inkunkuma enetyhefu, amaqanda entsholongwane yentsholongwane yesifo sephepha kunye nembewu yokhula, njl.njl. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezi-3 ukubulala inkunkuma eyingozi kubushushu obungama-55 ukuya kuma-65°C, okanye iiyure ezininzi kuma-70degrees C. into echaphazela ubushushu bomgquba.Ukufuma okuninzi kwehlisa ubushushu bomgquba.Ukulungelelaniswa komthamo wamanzi ngexesha lokuvundisa kuhambelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.Ngokunyusa umthamo wokufuma kunye nokuphepha ubushushu obuphezulu ngexesha lokuvundisa, ubushushu bungancitshiswa.
Ukwenza umgquba ngomnye umba wolawulo lobushushu.Umgquba unokubulawula ubushushu bezinto, uphucule ukuguquka kwamanzi kwaye unyanzelise umoya kwimfumba.Ukusebenzisa i-walk-on compost turntable yindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa ubushushu bereactor.Ibonakaliswa ngokusebenza okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.Lungisa ubuninzi be-compost ukulawula ubushushu kunye nexesha lobushushu obuphezulu.
Ulawulo lomlinganiselo we-C/N.
Xa umlinganiselo we-C/N ufanelekile, ukwenza umgquba kunokwenziwa kakuhle.Ukuba umlinganiselo we C/N uphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenitrogen kunye nokunqongophala kokusingqongileyo, izinga lokuthotywa kwenkunkuma ephilayo liyacotha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwixesha elide lokuvundisa umgquba.Ukuba umlinganiselo we-C/N uphantsi kakhulu, i-carbon ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-nitrogen engaphezulu ilahlekile ngendlela ye-ammonia.Ayichaphazeli nje indawo engqongileyo, kodwa inciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumiso se-nitrogen.Ii-Microorganisms zenza inzala ye-microbial kwinkqubo ye-organic composting.Kwisiseko sobunzima obomileyo, izinto eziluhlaza ziqukethe i-50% yekhabhoni kunye ne-5% ye-nitrogen kunye ne-0.25% ye-phosphate.Ngoko ke, abaphandi bacebisa ukuba i-compost efanelekileyo C / N yi-20-30%.
Umlinganiselo we C/N womgquba ophilayo unokulawulwa ngokongeza izinto ezinekhabhoni ephezulu okanye initrogen.Ezinye izinto ezifana neendiza kunye nokhula kunye neenkuni ezifileyo kunye namagqabi aqulethe i-fiber kunye ne-ligands kunye ne-pectin.Ngenxa yeC / N ephezulu, inokusetyenziswa njengento ephezulu yokongeza ikhabhoni.Ngenxa yesiqulatho senitrogen ephezulu, umgquba wemfuyo ungasetyenziswa njengesongezo senitrogen ephezulu.Ngokomzekelo, umgquba weehagu uqulethe i-80% ye-nitrogen ye-ammonium ekhoyo kwii-microorganisms, ezikhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kunye nokuzala kwee-microorganisms kunye nokukhawuleza ukuvuthwa komquba.Umatshini omtsha we-organic fertilizer granulation ufanelekile kweli nqanaba.Izongezo zinokongezwa kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo xa izinto eziluhlaza zingena kumatshini.
Ukungenisa umoya kunye nokubonelela nge-oxygen.
I-compost yomgquba yinto ebalulekileyo yokunqongophala komoya kunye ne-oxygen.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukubonelela ngeoksijini efunekayo ekukhuleni kwe-microorganisms.Lawula ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha lokwenzeka kwe-compost ngokulawula umoya wokungenisa umoya ukulungelelanisa ubushushu bokusabela.Ukungena komoya okwandisiweyo kususa ukufuma ngelixa kugcinwa iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu.Ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kunye neoksijini kunokunciphisa ilahleko ye-nitrogen kunye nevumba kunye nokufuma kwiimveliso ze-compost, kulula ukugcina amanzi emveliso ye-organic fertilizer inefuthe kwi-pores kunye nomsebenzi we-microbial, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini.Yinto ethatha isigqibo ekuhlanganiseni umgquba.Kudinga ukulawula umswakama kunye nomoya wokungenisa umoya ngesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokufezekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwamanzi kunye ne-oxygen.Ukuthathela ingqalelo zombini, inokukhuthaza imveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kwe-microorganisms kunye nokwandisa iimeko zokulawula.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini kwanda ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwe-60 degrees C, kwaye umthamo wokungena komoya kunye ne-oxygen kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuhambelana namaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo.
PH ulawulo.
Amaxabiso e-PH achaphazela yonke inkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba.Kwizigaba zokuqala zokuvundisa, i-PH ichaphazela umsebenzi webhaktiriya.Umzekelo, i-PH-6.0 yindawo yomda wokuvuthwa kweehagu kunye ne-sawdust.Ivimbela ukuveliswa kwe-carbon dioxide kunye nokushisa kwi-PH-6.0, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-carbon dioxide kunye nokushisa kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwi-PH-6.Xa ungena kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukudibanisa kwexabiso eliphezulu le-PH kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kubangela i-ammonia volaten.Iimicroorganisms ziyahla zibe ziiasidi eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa umgquba, zehlisa i-pH ukuya malunga ne-5. Iiasidi eziphilayo eziguqukayo ziye zibe ngumphunga njengoko ubushushu bunyuka.Kwangaxeshanye i-ammonia ihlanjululwa yi-organic matter, ibangela ukuba i-PH inyuke.Ekugqibeleni izinza kwinqanaba eliphezulu.Kubushushu obuphezulu bomgquba, amaxabiso e-PH anokufikelela kwiqondo eliphezulu lomgquba ukusuka kwi-7.5 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-8.5.Ukugqithisa kwe-PHH nako kunokukhokelela ekuphupheni ngokugqithisileyo kwe-ammonia, ngoko ke i-PHH inokuncitshiswa ngokudibanisa i-aluminiyam kunye ne-phosphoric acid.Ukulawula umgangatho wezichumisi eziphilayo akulula.Oku kulula ngakumbi kwimeko enye.Nangona kunjalo, i-material iyasebenzisana kwaye kufuneka idityaniswe nenkqubo nganye ukuphumeza ukulungelelaniswa okupheleleyo kweemeko zomgquba.Ukwenza umgquba kungaphathwa kakuhle xa iimeko zolawulo zilungile.Ke ngoko, izichumisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokuveliswa kwaye zisetyenziswe njengezona zichumisi zezityalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-22-2020