Nangona ukufuywa kweenkukhu kuye kwanda ukuthandwa e-Afrika kule minyaka idlulileyo, ibingumsebenzi omncinci.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, nangona kunjalo, iye yaba lishishini elinzima, kunye noosomashishini abaninzi abancinci bejolise kwingeniso ekhangayo ekhoyo.Iinkukhu ezingaphezulu kwama-5 000 ngoku zixhaphakile kodwa ukufudukela kwimveliso emikhulu kuphakamise inkxalabo yoluntu malunga nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngendlela eyiyo.Lo mbandela, onika umdla, ukwabonelela ngamathuba exabiso.
Imveliso emikhulu inike imingeni emininzi, ingakumbi leyo inxulumene nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma.Amashishini amancinci akatsali ngqalelo ingako kumagunya okusingqongileyo kodwa ushishino olunemiba yokusingqongileyo kufuneka lulandele imigangatho efanayo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, umngeni wenkunkuma yomgquba unika amafama ithuba lokusombulula ingxaki enkulu: ukufumaneka kunye neendleko zamandla.Kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika, imizi-mveliso emininzi ikhalazela ixabiso eliphezulu lombane yaye abemi abaninzi basezidolophini basebenzisa iijenereyitha kuba amandla awathembekanga.Ukuguqulwa komgquba omdaka ube ngumbane ngokusetyenziswa kwebiodigester kuye kwaba lithemba elinomtsalane, yaye amafama amaninzi aphethukela kulo.
Ukuguqulwa kwenkunkuma yomgquba ibe ngumbane kungaphezulu kwebhonasi, kuba umbane uyimpahla enqabileyo kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika.I-biodigester kulula ukuyilawula, kwaye iindleko zifanelekile, ngakumbi xa ujonga iinzuzo zexesha elide
Ukongeza kwimveliso yamandla e-biogas, nangona kunjalo, inkunkuma ye-biogas, i-by-product yeprojekthi ye-biodigester, iya kungcolisa imo engqongileyo ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yesixa sayo esikhulu, i-concentration ephezulu ye-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-organic matter, kunye neendleko zokuthutha, unyango kunye nokusetyenziswa. phezulu.Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba inkunkuma ye-biogas evela kwi-biodigester inexabiso elingcono lokurisayikilishwa, ngoko ke siyisebenzisa njani ngokupheleleyo inkunkuma ye-biogas?
Impendulo sisichumiso se-biogas.Inkunkuma ye-Biogas ineendlela ezimbini: enye yeyolwelo (i-biogas slurry), ibalelwa malunga ne-88% yetotali.Okwesibini, intsalela eqinileyo (intsalela ye-biogas), ibalwa malunga ne-12% yetotali.Emva kokuba inkunkuma ye-biodigester ikhutshiwe, kufuneka igalelwe ixesha elithile (i-fermentation yesibini) ukwenza okuqinileyo kunye nolwelo lwahluke ngokwemvelo.Iqinile – isahluli solweloisenokusetyenziswa ukwahlula inkunkuma engamanzi kunye nentsalela eqinileyo.I-Biogas slurry iqulethe izinto zezondlo ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium ekhoyo, kunye nezinto ezilandelwayo ezifana ne-zinc kunye ne-iron.Ngokutsho kokuzimisela, i-biogas slurry iqulethe i-nitrogen epheleleyo 0.062% ~ 0.11%, i-ammonium nitrogen 200 ~ 600 mg / kg, i-phosphorus ekhoyo 20 ~ 90 mg / kg, i-potassium ekhoyo 400 ~ 1100 mg / kg.Ngenxa yesiphumo esikhawulezayo, izinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izondlo, kwaye zinokufunxwa ngokukhawuleza zizityalo, luhlobo lwesichumiso esingcono esinesiphumo esikhawulezayo esiphindiweyo.Isichumisi sentsalela ye-biogas, izakhi zesondlo kunye ne-biogas slurry ziyafana, ziqulethe i-30% ~ 50% yezinto eziphilayo, 0.8% ~ 1.5% nitrogen, 0.4% ~ 0.6% phosphorus, 0.6% ~ 1.2% potassium, kodwa kunye nezityebi kwi-humic acid ngaphezu kwe-11%.Iasidi eHumic inokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kobume bomdibaniso womhlaba, yandise ugcino lokuchuma komhlaba kunye nefuthe, iphucule iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zomhlaba, umphumo wokuphucula umhlaba ubonakala kakhulu.Ubume besichumisi sentsalela ye-biogas iyafana nesichumiso se-organic jikelele, esesona sichumiso sesiphumo sasemva kwexesha kwaye sinesiphumo esihle kakhulu sexesha elide.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa yokusebenzisa i-biogasuludakaukwenza isichumiso esingamanzi
I-biogas slurry impontshelwa kumatshini wokuzalanisa intsholongwane ukuze ivumba kwaye ivundiswe, emva koko i-biogas slurry ebilisiweyo yahlulwe ngesixhobo sokwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo.Ulwelo lokwahlula lumpontshelwa kwi-elemental complexing reactor kwaye ezinye iikhemikhali zezichumisi zongezwa ukwenzela ukusabela okuntsonkothileyo.Ulwelo lwempendulo entsonkothileyo lumpontshelwa kwinkqubo yokwahlula kunye nemvula ukususa ukungcola okunganyibilikiyo.Ulwelo lokwahlula lumpontshelwa kwi-elemental chelating ketile, kwaye izinto zomkhondo ezifunekayo zizityalo zongezwa ukusabela kwe-chelating.Emva kokuba impendulo igqityiwe, ulwelo lwe-chelate luyakumpontshelwa kwitanki egqityiweyo ukugqiba ukugalela iibhotile kunye nokupakishwa.
Itekhnoloji yemveliso yokusebenzisa intsalela ye-biogas ukwenza isichumiso esiphilayo
Intsalela ye-biogas eyahluliweyo yayixutywe neendiza, isichumisi sekhekhe kunye nezinye izinto ezityunyuziweyo ukuya kubukhulu obuthile, kwaye umxholo wokufuma ulungelelaniswe kwi-50% -60%, kwaye umlinganiselo weC / N ulungelelaniswe kwi-25: 1.Iibhaktheriya zokuvutshelwa zongezwa kwizinto ezixubileyo, kwaye emva koko izinto zenziwe zibe yimfumba yomgquba, ububanzi bemfumba abukho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezi-2, ukuphakama akukho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezi-1, ubude abukhawulelwanga, kunye netanki. inkqubo aerobic fermentation nayo ingasetyenziswa.Nika ingqalelo kutshintsho lokufuma kunye namaqondo obushushu ngexesha lokubilisa ukugcina umoya kwingqumba.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvutshelwa, umswakama akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwama-40%, ngaphandle koko akulungele ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwe-microorganisms, kwaye umswakama akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu, oya kuchaphazela umoya.Xa ubushushu bemfumba buphakama ukuya kuma-70℃, i umatshini wokujika umgqubakufuneka isetyenziswe ukuguqula imfumba ide ibole ngokupheleleyo.
Ukucutshungulwa nzulu kwesichumiso esiphilayo
Emva kokuvutshelwa kwezinto kunye nokuvuthwa, ungasebenzisaizixhobo zokwenza izichumiso eziphilayokuqhubekekiso olunzulu.Okokuqala, icutshungulwa ibe ngumgubo we-organic fertilizer.Iinkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso esiphilayo esingumguboilula ngokwentelekiso.Okokuqala, izinto eziphathekayo zityunyuziwe, kwaye ke ukungcola kwizinto eziphathekayo kuhlolwe ngokusebenzisa aumatshini wokuhlola, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukupakishwa kungagqitywa.Kodwa processing kwiisichumiso se-granular eziphilayo, inkqubo yemveliso yegranular organic inzima ngakumbi, imathiriyeli yokuqala ukuyityumza, ikhuse ukungcola, imathiriyeli yegranulation, emva koko amasuntswanaukomisa, Ukupholisa, ukutyabeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni ugqibezele iukupakishwa.Ezi nkqubo zimbini zemveliso zineengenelo zazo kunye nezinto ezingeloncedo, inkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso se-organic ilula, utyalo-mali luncinci, lufanelekile kumzi-mveliso we-organic fertilizer osanda kuvulwa.inkqubo yokuvelisa izichumiso eziphilayo zegranulariyinkimbinkimbi, utyalo-mali luphezulu, kodwa isichumiso se-granular organic asilula ukuhlanganisana, isicelo sifanelekile, ixabiso lezoqoqosho liphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-18-2021