Umgquba wokuqala okrwada wenkukhu awulingani nesichumiso sendalo.Isichumiso se-organic sibhekisa kumgquba, ikeyiki, isilwanyana kunye nomgquba weenkukhu, i-mushroom slag kunye nezinye izichumisi ezicutshungulwa ngokubola.Umgquba wemfuyo yinto ekrwada kuphela yokuvelisa isichumiso esiphilayo, kwaye yenye ye-endofof esezantsi yazo zonke imathiriyeli ekrwada.
Nokuba umgquba wenkukhu umanzi kwaye umanzi, ukungavundisi kulula ukubangela imifuno eluhlaza, imiyezo kunye nezinye izivuno zemali etshabalalisayo, kumafama kubangele ilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho.Masiqale siqonde iingozi zomgquba wenkukhu ongacocwanga, kwaye ekugqibeleni sichaza ukuba kutheni sicinga ukuba umgquba wenkukhu okrwada uyasebenza ukodlula omnye umgquba wezilwanyana.Amandla asebenzayo ngakumbi?
Iintlekele ezisibhozo ezinokuthi zibangele ngokulula ekusebenziseni umgquba wenkukhu kwimifuno eluhlaza kunye negadi yeziqhamo:
Ukutshisa iingcambu, ukutshisa izithole, imithi etshayayo, iintlobo ezifileyo
Emva kokusebenzisa umgquba wenkukhu ongavundiswanga kakuhle, faka isandla emhlabeni kwaye uve ubushushu bomhlaba buphezulu.Ifilimu enzima okanye egcwele abafileyo, xa ilahleko yeendleko zabasebenzi kunye nokutyalomali kwezithole.
Ngokukodwa ebusika nasentwasahlobo ukusetyenziswa komngcipheko wokukhusela umgquba wenkukhu yiyona nto inkulu kakhulu, kuba ngeli xesha ukushisa okuphezulu kwi-shed, ukuvutshelwa komgquba wenkukhu kuya kukhupha ubushushu obuninzi, okubangelwa ukutshiswa kweengcambu;
Ukufakwa kwetyuwa yomhlaba kwishedi, ukunciphisa iziqhamo
Iminyaka yokusetyenziswa komgquba wenkukhu, umhlaba ushiye inani elikhulu leetyuwa zesodium chloride, i-avareji ye-6 ye-square yenkukhu isiqulatho setyuwa ye-30-40 kg, kunye ne-10 kg yetyuwa ngehektare nganye ithintele ngokunzulu umhlaba kunye nomsebenzi, ukunyanga isichumiso se-phosphorus. , isichumiso se-potassium, i-calcium kunye ne-zinc iron boron manganese kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, ukukhula kwesityalo ngokungaqhelekanga, iintyatyambo zeentyatyambo, iziqhamo ezingavulekiyo kunye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa imveliso, zithintela kakhulu isivuno kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.
Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi lehla, ngaphantsi konyaka omnye, iindleko zokufaka ezongezelelekileyo ze-50-100%;
I-Acidification yomhlaba, ibangele izifo ezahlukeneyo zeengcambu kunye nezifo zentsholongwane
Ngenxa yokuba i-pH yomgquba wenkukhu imalunga ne-4, i-acidic kakhulu, umhlaba one-acidified, ekhokelela kumonzakalo wemichiza kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwisiseko se-stem kunye ne-root tissue, kumgquba wenkukhu ophethe inani elikhulu leentsholongwane zentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya zesifo somhlaba, Iintsholongwane zibonelela ngamathuba okungena nawosulelo, kumanzi kunye namaqondo obushushu xa kufikelelwe kuya kuqhambuka esi sifo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-fermentation akuphelelanga umgquba wenkukhu, kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukubola kwesityalo, i-yellow, i-shrinkage ayide, umkhiwane, nokufa;
Ukuzalanisa iingcambu zeqhina nematodes
Umgquba wenkukhu yindawo yokulala kunye ne-hotbed ye-root knot nematodes, inani labo lithwele amaqanda e-root knot nematode nge-1000 grams 100, amaqanda e-nematode yenkukhu kulula ukuqanduselwa, ngobusuku obuphindwe kabini amashumi amawaka, ukwenzeka kwe-nematodes emhlabeni umhlaba onomgquba wenkukhu unyuke ngamaxesha angaphezu kwama-500.
I-melon ekrakra ingcambu yeqhina nematodes
Iinematodes zinovelwano kakhulu kwimichiza, kwaye emva kokulawulwa kweenematodes zikhawuleza zihambe ukuya kubunzulu obuyi-50 cm -1.5 yeemitha ngaphantsi komhlaba ukuba zibaleke, ngoko ke kunzima ukuzinyanga.Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-3 ubudala, i-root knot nematodes yenye yeengozi ezifihlakeleyo ezibulalayo.
Ukuzisa i-antibiotics, echaphazela ukhuseleko lweemveliso zezolimo
Inkqubo yokuzala inkukhu, ukondla i-China iqulethe i-hormone eninzi, ukuthintela izifo kunye nonyango luya kusebenzisa i-antibiotics, ezi ziya kuziswa emhlabeni ngomgquba wenkukhu, ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lweemveliso zezolimo.
Ukuvelisa iigesi ezinobungozi, ukutshaya imithi, kufa
Ukuvelisa iigesi eziyingozi, imithi etshayayo, i-slugs efileyo: umgquba wenkukhu kwinkqubo yokubola ukuvelisa i-methane, i-ammonia kunye nezinye iigesi ezinobungozi, ukuze umhlaba kunye nezityalo zivelise umonakalo we-asidi kunye nomonakalo weengcambu, kubi kakhulu ukuveliswa kwegesi ye-ethylene inhibited ukukhula kweengcambu, ikwangoyena nobangela wokutsha kweengcambu.
Iminyaka yokusetyenziswa komgquba wenkukhu, okubangela ukungabikho kweoksijini kwiingcambu
Iminyaka yokusetyenziswa komgquba wenkukhu, okukhokelela ekunqongopheni kweengcambu ze-oksijini, ukukhula kakubi, umgquba wenkukhu uphonswe emhlabeni, kwinkqubo yokubola ukuze udle i-oksijini emhlabeni, ukwenzela ukuba umhlaba okwethutyana kwimeko ye-hypoxia, uya kwenza isityalo. ukukhula kuthintelwe.
Iintsimbi ezinzima zigqithise umgangatho
Isinyithi esinzima sigqithisa umgangatho: umgquba wenkukhu uqulethe inani eliphezulu lobhedu, i-mercury, i-chromium, i-cadmium, i-load, i-arsenic kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezinzima, kukho iintsalela ze-hormone, ezikhokelela kwiintsimbi ezinzima kwiimveliso zezolimo zigqithise umgangatho, ungcoliseko lwemithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. kunye nomhlaba, izinto eziphilayo kwi-humus ixesha elide, ilahleko yezondlo inzima.
Kutheni lomelele kangaka ngomgquba wenkukhu?
Oku kungenxa yokuba inkukhu rectal izinto, umchamo kunye, ngoko umgquba inkukhu iqulathe 25.5% ye-organic matter, iqulethe ngaphezu 60% ye-organic matter ikwimo ye-uric acid, uric acid decomposition emva kokubonelela ngenani elikhulu le-nitrogen elements, ukusetyenziswa kwewaka leekhilogram zomgquba wenkukhu olingana nokusetyenziswa kwe-153 pounds ye-urea, umphezulu ujonge izityalo zendalo ezinde kwaye ezinamandla.Ukuba oku kwenzeka kwi-eggplant okanye kwidiliya yemithi yeziqhamo, izifo ezinzima ze-physiological zingenzeka.
Ikakhulu ngenxa ye-nitrogen kunye ne-trace elements of antagonism, urea donots too much, iya kubangela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokufunxwa kwezinto zomkhondo, ukuveliswa kwamagqabi atyheli, ukubola kwe-umbilical, iziqhamo eziqhekekileyo, isifo se-chicken claw njalo njalo.
Sibona umgquba wenkukhu ayiboli iingozi ezisibhozo, thelekisa, jonga kwigadi yakho okanye isitiya semifuno, akukho kudla ngokutshisa izithole ezibolileyo ingcambu umthi ofileyo, isichumiso ayikho ngaphantsi, isivuno kunye nomgangatho ayinyuki, kwaye nesiqingatha eside. kwabafileyo, iqhina lomhlaba, izitoyikhi ezinzima njalo njalo imeko embi.Umgquba wenkukhu kufuneka uvundiswe kwaye uphathwe ngokungenabungozi ukuze ugalelwe emhlabeni!
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komgquba wenkukhu
Umgquba wenkukhu sisixhobo esihle kakhulu se-organic fertilizer ekrwada, etyebile kwi-nitrogen esulungekileyo malunga ne-1.63%, i-phosphorus (P2O5) malunga ne-1.54%, i-potassium (K2O) malunga ne-0.085%, inokucutshungulwa ngezixhobo zokuvelisa izichumiso ezisemgangathweni kwi-organic fertilizer Umgquba wenkukhu inkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso esiphilayo, izinambuzane ezinobungozi kunye nembewu yokhula ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokuwa, kuya kupheliswa.Umgca wokuvelisa umgquba wenkukhu ye-organic fertilizer ibandakanya: ukuvutshelwa, ukutyumza, ukuxuba izithako, i-granulation, ukomisa, ukupholisa ukupholisa, ukutywinwa kwemitha, ukugcinwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo.
Itshathi yenkqubo yokuveliswa kwezichumiso zendalo
Inkqubo yokuvelisa izichumiso zendalo
Okokuqala, indawo ekrwada yokwakha iitanki zokubilisa ezine, nganye i-40m ubude, i-3m ububanzi, i-1.2m ubunzulu, indawo eqhelekileyo ye-700m 2;
Okwesibini, indawo yempahla ekrwada idinga ukuthenga isiporo esilula 320m;
Okwesithathu, indawo yomhlaba wendawo yokuvelisa i-1400m 2;
Okwesine, indawo ekrwada kufuneka isebenzise abasebenzi bokuvelisa abantu aba-3, indawo yokuvelisa idinga ukusebenzisa abantu abangama-20;
Okwesihlanu, indawo ekrwada kufuneka ithenge iitoni ezintathu zeforkliftone enye.
Intshayelelo kwizixhobo eziphambili zomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso senkukhu
1, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo zokuvundisa kwangaphambili: i-slot-type dumper, i-track-type dumper, i-dumper yokuzihambela, i-chain board-type dumper
2, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo zokushibilika kwesichumiso: ishredder emanzi emanzi, ishredder yetsheyini, ishredder ethe nkqo
3, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo zokuxutywa kwesichumiso: umxube othe tye, umxube wediski
4, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo zomatshini we-sieve yesichumiso: umatshini we-roller we-sieve, i-vibration sieve extension
5, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo zomatshini wokugaya isichumiso: umatshini wokuxubha amazinyo, umatshini wediskhi wegranulation, umatshini wegranulation we-extrusion, umatshini wedrum granulation, umatshini wokujikeleza.
6, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo zokomisa isichumiso: tumble dryer
7, inkukhu umgquba organic izixhobo zokupholisa umatshini wokupholisa: umatshini wokupholisa ojikelezayo
8, umgquba wenkukhu izixhobo ezixhasayo: umatshini wokutyisa umyinge, umatshini wokugalela umgquba wehagu, umatshini wokusonga, osusa uthuli, umatshini wokupakisha ozenzekelayo.
9, umgquba wenkukhu isixhobo sokuhambisa isichumiso sezinto eziphilayo: ukuhambisa ibhanti, ukuphakamisa ibhakethi.
Uyilo lwenkqubo yemveliso yesichumiso ngokubanzi lubandakanya:
I-1, iintlobo zekhompawundi ezisebenzayo kunye neteknoloji yokwandisa;
I-2, iteknoloji yokunyibilikisa izinto ekrwada eziphambili kunye nenkqubo ye-biofermentation;
I-3, eyona teknoloji yefomula yesichumisi esikhethekileyo (inokuguquguquka ngokomhlaba wendawo kunye neempawu zesityalo, indibaniselwano engcono yokwenziwa kwemveliso);
I-4, ungcoliseko lwesibini olufanelekileyo (igesi yokukhupha kunye nevumba) iteknoloji yokulawula;
5, iiseti ezipheleleyo zoyilo lwetekhnoloji kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa.
Imiqathango ekuvelisweni kwesichumiso esiphilayo somgquba wenkukhu:
Ukulunga kwemathiriyeli ekrwada:
Ukutshatisa okufanelekileyo kokucoleka kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwesichumiso esivela kwindalo.Ngokwamava, ukucoleka kwayo yonke imathiriyeli ekrwada kufuneka ihambelane noku kulandelayo: 100-60 injongo imathiriyeli ekrwada malunga 30% -40%, 60 iliso ukuya ububanzi 1.00mm isiteki ekrwada malunga 35%, ububanzi 1.00-2.00mm encinane. iinqununu malunga ne-25% -30%, ukuphakama kwezinto eziphathekayo, ngcono i-viscosity, iphezulu ukugqitywa kwe-particle surface emva kwe-granulation.Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-super-proportion ye-high-precision materials, kulula ukubonakala ngenxa ye-viscosity ye-viscosity enhle kakhulu ebangela amaqhekeza amakhulu kakhulu, izitenxo ze-particle kunye neminye imiba.
Umgangatho wokuvutshelwa komgquba wenkukhu (bamba intwana yemathiriyeli, umhlaba kwaye usasaze)
Umgquba wenkukhu kufuneka uphekwe ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ufakwe, ubukho beeparasites kumgquba wenkukhu kunye namaqanda abo, kunye neebhaktheriya ezosulelayo ngenkqubo yokubola (cocite) ukuba ingasebenzi, emva kokubola okupheleleyo, umgquba wenkukhu uya kuba sisichumisi esikumgangatho ophezulu. zokulima izityalo.
1. Ukubola
Kwangaxeshanye nezi zintathu zilandelayo, unokugweba ngokubanzi ukuba umgquba wenkukhu uvundiswe kakuhle.
1. Ngokusisiseko awukwazi ukujoja;2 Kukho i-mycelium emhlophe;3. umgquba wenkukhu ube yimo ekhululekileyo.
Ixesha lokubola ngokuqhelekileyo: iimeko zendalo zihlala malunga neenyanga ezi-3, ukuba ukongezwa kwe-arhente yokuvundisa, le nkqubo iya kukhawuleziswa kakhulu, ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu bendawo, kufuneka ngokubanzi iintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwe-30, ukuba iimeko zemveliso ye-factory 7 Iintsuku ezili-10 zinokugqitywa.
2. Ukufuma
Lawula umthamo wokufuma phambi kokuba umgquba wenkukhu uvundiswe.Kwinkqubo yokubilisa isichumiso esiphilayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ukuba isiqulatho sokufuma sifanelekile na.Ngenxa yokuba i-agent ebolayo ngaphakathi ziibhaktheriya eziphilayo, ukuba zome kakhulu okanye zimanzi kakhulu ziya kuchaphazela ukuvundiswa kwee-microorganisms, ngokubanzi kufuneka zigcinwe kwi-60 ukuya kwi-65%.
Indlela yokugweba: i-hand graspa i-material, i-watermark ye-finger seam kodwa hayi i-dripwater, umgangatho unokuchithwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-22-2020