Izichumisi eziphilayo ikakhulu zibulala microorganisms eziyingozi ezifana iibhaktheriya pathogenic plant, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu ukhula, njl kwinqanaba lokufudumala kunye neqondo lobushushu eliphezulu komgquba.Nangona kunjalo, indima ephambili ye-microorganisms kule nkqubo yi-metabolism kunye nokuzala, kwaye kuveliswa kuphela inani elincinci.I-Metabolites, kwaye ezi metabolites azinzanga kwaye azinakufunyanwa lula zizityalo.Ngexesha lokupholisa kamva, ii-microorganisms ziya kuthobisa izinto eziphilayo kwaye zivelise inani elikhulu le-metabolites eziluncedo ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunye nokufunxa.Le nkqubo ithatha iintsuku ezingama-45-60.
Umgquba emva kwale nkqubo unokufezekisa iinjongo ezintathu:
Nye.Ayinabungozi, izinto zebhayoloji okanye iikhemikhali eziyingozi kwinkunkuma ephilayo ziphathwa ngendlela engenabungozi okanye ekhuselekileyo;
Okwesibini, yi-humusification.Inkqubo ye-humusification ye-organic matter yomhlaba kukubola.Iimveliso ezilula zokubola eziveliswa phantsi kwesenzo se-microorganisms zivelisa i-organic compounds-humus entsha.Le yinkqubo ye-humification, uhlobo lokuqokelela izondlo;
Okwesithathu, kukuveliswa kwe-microbial metabolites.Ngexesha le-metabolism ye-microorganisms, iindidi ze-metabolites, ezifana ne-amino acids, i-nucleotides, i-polysaccharides, i-lipids, iivithamini, i-antibiotics, kunye nezinto zeprotheni, ziveliswa.
Inkqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-organic compost yinkqubo ye-metabolism kunye nokuzala kwee-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo.Inkqubo ye-metabolic ye-microorganisms yinkqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kuya kuvelisa amandla okunyusa ubushushu.Ukufa, ukutshintshwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-microorganisms kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa zonke ziqhutyelwa ngaxeshanye.Nokuba isuka kumbono we-thermodynamics, ibhayoloji okanye ukuguqulwa kwezinto, inkqubo yokuvutshelwa komgquba ayiloxesha elifutshane leentsuku ezininzi okanye iintsuku ezilishumi.Yintoni enokwenziwa kukuba kutheni i-composting isathatha iintsuku ezingama-45-60 nokuba ubushushu obuhlukeneyo, ukufuma, ukufuma, i-microorganisms kunye nezinye iimeko zilawulwa kakuhle.
Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokuvubela yesichumiso esiphilayo sikwinqanaba lokufudumeza → inqanaba lobushushu obuphezulu → inqanaba lokupholisa → ukuvuthwa kunye nenqanaba logcino lobushushu.
1. Inqanaba lomkhuhlane
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuveliswa kwe-compost, i-microorganisms kwi-compost ubukhulu becala bubushushu obuphakathi kunye neentlobo ze-aerobic, kwaye ezona zixhaphakileyo ziibhaktheriya ezingenayo i-spore, i-spore bacteria kunye nokungunda.Baqala inkqubo yokuvundiswa kokuvundisa, ukubola lula izinto eziphilayo ezibolileyo phantsi kweemeko aerobic kwaye bavelise ubushushu obuninzi, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo banyusa ubushushu be-compost ukusuka malunga ne-20 ° C ukuya ku-40 ° C, ebizwa ngokuba yi-fever stage.
2. Inqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu
Njengoko ubushushu bukhula, i-thermophilic microorganisms ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yeentlobo ze-mesophilic kwaye idlala indima ephambili.Iqondo lobushushu liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, ngokuqhelekileyo lifikelela ngaphezu kwe-50 ° C phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa, lingena kwinqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu.
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokushisa, i-thermoactinomycetes kunye ne-thermogenic fungi ibe yintlobo eziphambili.Zibolisa kakhulu izinto eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo kumgquba, ziqokelela ubushushu, kwaye ubushushu bomgquba bunyuke ukuya kuma-60-80°C.
3. Inqanaba lokupholisa
Xa iqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo lithatha ixesha elithile, uninzi lweselulosi, i-hemicellulose, kunye nezinto ze-pectin ziye zabola, zishiya izinto ezintsonkothileyo ekunzima ukubola kunye ne-humus esanda kwenziwa, umsebenzi we-microorganisms uba buthathaka, kwaye ubushushu ngokuthe ngcembe. amathontsi.Xa amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe 40°C, i-mesophilic microorganisms ibe zezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo kwakhona.
4. Inqanaba lokubola nokugcina isichumisi
Emva kokuba umgquba ubolile, umthamo uyacutheka, kwaye ubushushu bomgquba buhla bube phezulu kancinci kunobushushu.Ngeli xesha, umgquba kufuneka udityaniswe ukuze ubangele imeko ye-anaerobic kwaye buthathaka imineralization ye-organic matter ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa kwesichumisi.
Imineraliation ye-compost organic matter inokubonelela izityalo kunye ne-microorganisms ngezondlo ezikhawulezayo, zinike amandla kwimisebenzi ye-microbial, kwaye zilungiselele imathiriyeli esisiseko yokufunxa i-compost organic matter.
Izalathisi zezalathisi zenkqubo yokuvundiswa kwesichumiso esiphilayo:
1. Ukuyekelela
Indlela yebhayoloji yokubilisa iqala ukukhululeka kusuku lwesine lokubilisa kwaye ikwimo yamaqhekeza aqhekekileyo.
2. Ivumba
Indlela ye-bio-fermentation yaqala ukunciphisa ivumba ukusuka kusuku lwesibini, ngokusisiseko yanyamalala ngomhla wesine, yanyamalala ngokupheleleyo ngomhla wesihlanu, kwaye yakhupha ivumba lomhlaba ngomhla wesixhenxe.
3. Ubushushu
Indlela ye-biological fermentation yafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu ngosuku lwe-2, kwaye yaqala ukuhla ngomhla we-7.Gcina iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ixesha elide, kwaye ukuvutshelwa kuya kuchithwa ngokupheleleyo.
4. PH ixabiso
Ixabiso le-pH yendlela ye-biological fermentation ifikelela kwi-6.5.
5. Umxholo wokufuma
Isiqulatho sokufuma sokuqala semathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvubela yi-55%, kwaye isiqulatho sokufuma sendlela yebhayoloji yokuvubela sinokuncitshiswa ukuya kuma-30%.
6. I-Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)
Ekuqaleni kokuvutshelwa, umxholo we-ammonium nitrogen wanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye wafikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu ngosuku lwe-4.Oku kubangelwa yi-ammoniation kunye neminerali yenitrogen ephilayo.Emva koko, i-ammonium nitrogen kwisichumiso se-organic yalahleka kwaye yaguqulwa ngenxa yokuguquka.Iba yinitrogen yenitrate kwaye iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe.Xa i-ammonium nitrogen ingaphantsi kwe-400mg/kg, ifikelela kuphawu lokuvuthwa.Isiqulatho se-ammonium nitrogen kwindlela yebhayoloji yokuvubela ingancitshiswa ibe malunga ne-215mg/kg.
7. Umlinganiselo weCarbon ukuya kwinitrogen
Xa umlinganiselo we C/NC/N womgquba ufikelela ngaphantsi kwama-20, ufikelela kwisalathiso sokuvuthwa.
Ukuziphendulela: Inxalenye yedatha kweli nqaku yereferensi kuphela.
Ukufumana izisombululo ezithe vetshe okanye iimveliso, nceda uqaphele iwebhusayithi yethu esemthethweni:
www.yz-mac.com
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-29-2021