Ukwenziwa komgquba ngemisundululu yindlela ebalulekileyo yokungabi nabungozi, ukunciphisa, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma yezolimo.Imisundululu inokutya inkunkuma eqinileyo efana nomququ, umgquba wemfuyo, udaka lwasezidolophini, njl.njl., engakwaziyo ukusombulula ingxaki yokungcoliseka kwendalo, kodwa ijike inkunkuma ibe bubutyebi kwaye ivelise izibonelelo ezininzi.Ngaxeshanye, ikwabumba inkqubo yendalo yezolimo esemgangathweni.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa komgquba omtsha womhlaba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso, kucingwa ukuba umxube wemfuyo kunye nomgquba weenkukhu uya kusetyenziswa ukuthwala izifo kunye nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisa izithole kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo.Oku kufuna unyango oluthile lokuvundiswa komgquba womsundululu phambi kokuveliswa kwesichumiso esisisiseko.
Ibhekisa kwizinto eziphilayo ezinekhabhoni eziphuma ikakhulu kwizityalo kunye/okanye izilwanyana kwaye zivundisiwe kwaye zibolile.Umsebenzi wabo kukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba, ukubonelela ngesondlo sezityalo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wezityalo.Ifanelekile kwisichumisi esiphilayo esenziwe kwimfuyo kunye nomgquba weenkukhu, iintsalela zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo kunye nezilwanyana kunye nemveliso yezityalo njengezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye emva kokuvutshelwa kunye nokubola.
Iimbekiselo ze-Intanethi zibonisa ukuba umgquba wezilwanyana ohlukeneyo kufuneka wongezwe kunye nomxholo owahlukileyo wezinto zohlengahlengiso lwekhabhoni ngenxa yemilinganiselo yazo eyahlukileyo ye-carbon-nitrogen.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo we-carbon-nitrogen wokuvundiswa malunga ne-25-35.
Umlinganiselo we-carbon-nitrogen womgquba wemfuyo kunye neenkukhu ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye nokutya okuhlukeneyo kuya kwahluka.Kuyimfuneko ukulungisa umlinganiselo we-carbon-nitrogen ukwenza ingqumba ibole ngokwemiqathango yommandla ngamnye kunye ne-carbon-nitrogen ratio yomgquba.
Ukufakwa kwesichumiso esiphilayo somgquba womsundululu:
Umgquba wentshulube yomhlaba usetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwenkunkuma ephilayo kunye nokulungiswa kwendalo ukuze kuqondwe injongo yokuguqula inkunkuma ibe bubuncwane kunye nophuhliso lokurisayikilisha.
Umgquba wentshulube yomhlaba uneempawu ezintle zomzimba, ezifana nokukhulula umoya, ukugcina ukufuma okufanelekileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukufunxa nokuthutha izinto eziphilayo ezingqongileyo.Ngelo xesha, i-vermicompost ityebile kwii-microorganisms, inefuthe elithile ekuphuculeni umhlaba, kwaye inokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo.Ukusetyenziswa komgquba weentshulube ekuphuhliseni isichumiso esisisiseko sesityalo akunako nje ukuzisa iinzuzo ezilungileyo kwezoqoqosho, kodwa nako komeleza umsebenzi womhlaba kwaye kuphunyezwe iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona kobutyebi.
Inkqubo yemveliso yesichumiso esiphilayo semisundululu:
Ukuvubela→ukutyumza→ukuxuba nokuxuba→igranulation→ukomisa→ukupholisa→ukuhluza→ukupakisha nokugcina.
1. Ukubila
Ukuvutshelwa okwaneleyo kusisiseko sokuveliswa kwezichumisi zendalo eziphezulu.Umatshini wokujika imfumba uyakuqonda ukubiliswa okucokisekileyo kunye nokwenza umgquba, kwaye unokuqonda ukujika kwemfumba ephezulu kunye nokuvundiswa, okuphucula isantya sokuvundiswa kwe-aerobic.
2. Ukutyumza
Igrinder isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso, kwaye inefuthe elihle lokutyumza kwizinto ezimanzi ezifana nomgquba wenkukhu kunye nodaka.
3. Gxuma
Emva kokuba izinto eziluhlaza zityunyuziwe, zixutywa kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo ngokulinganayo kwaye emva koko zihlulwe.
4. Igranulation
Inkqubo yegranulation yinxalenye engundoqo yomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso.Igranulator ye-organic fertilizer ifezekisa umgangatho ophezulu we-uniform granulation ngokuxuba okuqhubekayo, ukungqubana, i-inlay, i-spheroidization, i-granulation, kunye noxinaniso.
5. Ukomisa kunye nokupholisa
I-drum dryer yenza ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zidibanise ngokupheleleyo nomoya oshushu kwaye zinciphise umthamo womswakama wamasuntswana.
Ngelixa unciphisa amaqondo obushushu eepellets, isixhobo sokupholisa igubu sinciphisa umthamo wamanzi kwiipellets kwakhona, kwaye malunga ne-3% yamanzi anokususwa ngenkqubo yokupholisa.
6. Ukuhlolwa
Emva kokupholisa, zonke iipowder kunye neengqungquthela ezingafanelekanga zinokujongwa ngumatshini wokuhluza igubhu.
7. Ukupakishwa
Le yinkqubo yokugqibela yokuvelisa.Umatshini wokupakisha wobungakanani ngokuzenzekelayo unokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuthutha kunye nokutywina isikhwama.
Intshayelelo kwisixhobo esiphambili somgca wokuvelisa isichumiso se-earthworm:
1. Izixhobo zokubilisa: umatshini wokuguqula uhlobo lomkhombe, umatshini wokujika wohlobo lokukhasa, ukujika ipleyiti yetsheyini kunye nomatshini wokujula.
2. Izixhobo ze-Crusher: isityuli sezinto ezimanzi semi-manzi, isityuli esithe nkqo
3. Izixhobo zokuxuba: umxube othe tye, umxube we-pan
4. Izixhobo zokuhlola: umatshini wokuhlola igubu
5. Izixhobo zegranulator: igranulator yezinyo eshukumisayo, idisc granulator, i-extrusion granulator, igubu legranulator.
6. Izixhobo zokomisa: Idrum dryer
7. Izixhobo zokupholisa: igubu elipholileyo
8. Izixhobo ezincedisayo: i-solid-liquid separator, i-quantitative feeder, i-automatic quantitative packaging machine, i-belt conveyor.
Inkqubo yokubiliswa komgquba womsundululu ilawulwa ikakhulu zezi zinto zilandelayo:
Umxholo wokufuma
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkqubela phambili egudileyo yokwenza umgquba ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba, umthamo wamanzi kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvundisa kufuneka ugcinwe ku-50-60%.Emva koko, umswakama ugcinwa kwi-40% ukuya kwi-50%.Ngokomgaqo, akukho mathontsi amanzi anokuvuza.Emva kokuvundiswa, isiqulatho sokufuma semathiriyeli ekrwada kufuneka silawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-30%.Ukuba ukufuma kuphezulu, kufuneka yomiswe kuma-80°C.
Ulawulo lobushushu
Ubushushu sisiphumo somsebenzi we-microbial.Ukupakisha yenye indlela yokulawula ubushushu.Ngokuguqula i-stack, ubushushu be-stack bunokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kunye nokuvumela umoya omtsha ukuba ungene kwi-stack.Ngokuguquguquka rhoqo, iqondo lobushushu kunye nexesha eliphezulu lobushushu lokubilisa linokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Umlinganiselo wekhabhoni kwinitrogen
Ikhabhoni efanelekileyo kunye nenitrogen ingakhuthaza ukuvubela okugudileyo komgquba.Ii-Microorganisms zenza i-microbial protoplasm kwinkqubo ye-organic fermentation.Abaphandi bacebisa umgquba ofanelekileyo we-C/N we-20-30%.
Umlinganiselo wekhabhoni ukuya kwinitrogen womgquba ophilayo unokuhlengahlengiswa ngokongeza izinto ezinekhabhoni ephezulu okanye ezinenitrogen eninzi.Ezinye izinto ezifana neendiza, ukhula, amasebe afileyo kunye namagqabi angasetyenziswa njengezongezo zekhabhoni ephezulu.Inokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwe-microorganisms kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa komgquba.
Ulawulo lwe-pH
Ixabiso le-pH lichaphazela yonke inkqubo yokuvutshelwa.Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-compost, ixabiso le-pH liya kuchaphazela umsebenzi webhaktheriya.
Ukuzihlangula: Inxalenye yedatha kweli nqaku ivela kwi-Intanethi kwaye yenzelwe ireferensi kuphela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-28-2021