Indlela yokwenza umgquba

Umgquba ujika umgquba wenkukhu ube sisichumiso esigqwesileyo esivela kwindalo

1. Kwinkqubo yokwenza umgquba, umgquba wemfuyo, ngokusebenzisa i-microorganisms, uguqula i-organic matter enzima ukuba isetyenziswe zizityalo kunye nezityalo zemifuno zibe izondlo ekulula ukufunxa ziziqhamo kunye nezityalo zemifuno.

2. Ubushushu obuphezulu obumalunga ne-70°C obuveliswayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba bunokubulala uninzi lweentsholongwane namaqanda, ngokusisiseko ukuphumeza ukungabi nabungozi.

Inkqubo yokuvundisa i-compost ibola ngokupheleleyo inkunkuma ephilayo, kwaye ukuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-bio-organic kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa isichumiso.Ukuvutshelwa okwaneleyo kusisiseko sokuveliswa kwezichumisi zendalo eziphezulu.Umatshini wokwenza umgquba uqonda ukuvutshelwa okupheleleyo kunye nokuvundisa kwesichumisi, kwaye unokuqonda ukupakishwa okuphezulu kunye nokuvundiswa, okuphucula isantya sokuvundiswa kwe-aerobic.

Umgquba wenkukhu ongabolanga ngokupheleleyo kunokuthiwa unobungozi.

Isichumisi sendalo sinemisebenzi emininzi.Isichumiso se-organic sinokuphucula imeko-bume yomhlaba, sikhuthaze ukukhula kwee-microorganisms eziluncedo, ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nomgangatho weemveliso zezolimo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okunempilo kwezityalo.

Ukulawulwa kwemeko yemveliso ye-organic fertilizer yintsebenziswano yeempawu zomzimba kunye nebhayoloji ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqulunqa, kunye neemeko zokulawula zilungelelaniswa ngokubambisana.

- Ukulawula ukufuma

Ukufuma yimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwi-organic composting.Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komgquba, ukufuma okunxulumeneyo kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ye-compost yi-40% ukuya kwi-70%, nto leyo iqinisekisa inkqubela egudileyo yokuvundisa.

- Ulawulo lobushushu

Kuyisiphumo somsebenzi we-microbial, omisela ukusebenzisana kwezinto.

Ukwenza umgquba ngomnye umba wolawulo lobushushu.Umgquba unokulawula ubushushu bezinto, uphucule ukuvela kwamanzi, kwaye unyanzelise umoya kwimfumba.

- Ulawulo lomlinganiselo we-C/N

Xa umlinganiselo we-C/N ufanelekile, ukwenza umgquba kunokwenziwa kakuhle.Ukuba umlinganiselo we C/N uphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenitrogen kunye nokunqongophala kwendalo okusingqongileyo, izinga lokuthotywa kwenkunkuma ephilayo liya kucotha, okukhokelela kwixesha elide lokuvundisa umgquba.Ukuba umlinganiselo we-C/N uphantsi kakhulu, i-carbon ingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-nitrogen engaphezulu ilahlekile ngendlela ye-ammonia.Ayichaphazeli nje indawo esingqongileyo, kodwa inciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesichumiso se-nitrogen.

- Ukungenisa umoya kunye nokubonelela nge-oxygen

Ukuvundisa komgquba yinto ebalulekileyo kumoya ongonelanga kunye neoksijini.Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukubonelela ngeoksijini efunekayo ekukhuleni kwe-microorganisms.Ubushushu bokusabela bulungelelaniswa ngokulawula ukungena komoya, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha lokwenzeka komgquba zilawulwa.

- PH ulawulo

Ixabiso le-PH liya kuchaphazela yonke inkqubo yokuqulunqa.Xa iimeko zolawulo zilungile, umgquba unokusetyenzwa kakuhle.Ke ngoko, isichumiso sendalo esikumgangatho ophezulu sinokuveliswa kwaye sisetyenziswe njengesona sichumiso sezityalo.

Iindlela zokwenziwa komgquba.

Kulisiko ukuba abantu bahlule phakathi kwe-aerobic composting kunye ne-anaerobic composting.Inkqubo yala maxesha yokwenziwa komgquba kukuvundisa okujikelezayo.Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuvundisa kwe-aerobic kuneengenelo zobushushu obuphezulu, ukubola ngokucokisekileyo kwe-matrix, umjikelo omfutshane wokwenza umgquba, ivumba eliphantsi, kunye nokusetyenziswa konyango ngoomatshini.Umgquba we-Anaerobic kukusetyenziswa kwee-microorganisms ze-anaerobic ukugqiba ukubola kokubola, umoya wedwa kumgquba, ubushushu buphantsi, inkqubo ilula, imveliso iqulethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, kodwa umjikelo we-compost mde kakhulu; iphunga linamandla, kwaye imveliso iqulethe ukubola okunganeleyo Ukungcola.

Enye yahlulwe ngokokuba ioksijini iyafuneka na, kukho umgquba we-aerobic kunye ne-anaerobic composting;

Enye yahlulwe ngamaqondo obushushu bomgquba, kubandakanywa umgquba wobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomgquba wobushushu obuphakathi;

Enye ihlelwa ngokomgangatho womatshini, kubandakanywa ukuvundisa kwendalo okuvulelekileyo kunye nokuvundisa ngoomatshini.

Ngokwemfuno ye-oksijini yee-microorganisms ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza umgquba, indlela yokwenza umgquba inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-aerobic composting kunye ne-anaerobic composting.Ngokubanzi, umgquba wokwenza umgquba unobushushu obuphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo obungama-55-60℃, kwaye umda ungafikelela kuma-80-90℃.Ke ngoko ukuvundisa kwe-aerobic kukwabizwa ngokuba ngumgquba wobushushu obuphezulu;i-anaerobic composting kukuvundisa ngokuvundiswa kwe-anaerobic microbial phantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic.

1. Umgaqo we-aerobic composting.

①I-Aerobic composting yenziwa phantsi kweemeko zomoya kusetyenziswa isenzo se-aerobic microorganisms.Kwinkqubo yokwenza umgquba, izinto ezinyibilikayo kumgquba wemfuyo zifunxwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-microorganisms ngokusebenzisa i-cell membranes ye-microorganisms;i-insoluble colloidal organic substances iqala ukubhengezwa ngaphandle kwe-microorganisms kwaye iboliswe kwizinto ezinyibilikayo yi-extracellular enzymes efihliweyo yi-microorganisms, kwaye ingena kwiiseli..

Ukwenziwa komgquba ngeAerobic kunokohlulwa ngokwezigaba ezithathu.

Inqanaba lobushushu eliphakathi.Inqanaba le-mesophilic likwabizwa ngokuba linqanaba lokuvelisa ubushushu, elibhekisa kwinqanaba lokuqala lenkqubo yokuvundisa.Umaleko wengqumba ngokwesiseko yi-mesophilic kwi-15-45°C.Iimicroorganisms zeMesophilic zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zisebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikayo kumgquba ukwenza imisebenzi enzima yobomi.Ezi microorganisms mesophilic ziquka ukungunda, ibhaktheriya kunye actinomycetes, ikakhulu ngokusekelwe iswekile kunye nesitatshi.

②Inqanaba lobushushu obuphezulu.Xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka ngaphezu kwe-45 ℃, liyakungena kwinqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu.Ngeli nqanaba, i-microorganisms ye-mesophilic iyanqandwa okanye ifile, kwaye ithathelwe indawo yi-microorganisms thermophilic.Izinto eziphilayo eziseleyo nezisandul’ ukubunjwa kwi-compost ziqhubeka zi-oxidized kwaye zibole, kwaye i-compost organic matter kwi-compost, efana ne-hemicellulose, i-cellulose kunye neprotheni, nayo ibolile kakhulu.

③Inqanaba lokupholisa.Kwinqanaba lamva lokuvundiswa, kuphela ezinye zezinto ezinzima-ukubolisa izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-humus esandul 'ukubunjwa.Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi we-microorganisms uyancipha, ixabiso le-calorific liyancipha, kwaye izinga lokushisa liyancipha.I-Mesophilic microorganisms zilawula kwakhona, kwaye zibolise ngakumbi i-organic matter eseleyo enzima kakhulu ukubola.I-humus iyaqhubeka ikhula kwaye izinzile, kwaye i-compost ingena kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa, kwaye imfuno ye-oksijeni iyancipha kakhulu., Umswakama womswakama nawo uyancitshiswa, i-porosity ye-compost iyanda, kwaye amandla okusasazwa kwe-oxygen ayanda.Ngeli xesha, kuphela umoya wendalo ofunekayo.

2. Umgaqo wokwenziwa komgquba we-anaerobic.

I-anaerobic composting kukusetyenziswa kwe-anaerobic microorganisms ukwenza i-spoilage fermentation kunye nokubola phantsi kweemeko ze-anoxic.Ukongeza kwi-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi, iimveliso zokugqibela ziquka i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-methane kunye nezinye i-acids eziphilayo, kuquka i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide kunye nezinye izinto Inevumba elikhethekileyo, kunye ne-anaerobic composting ithatha ixesha elide, kwaye ihlala ithatha ixesha elide. iinyanga ukubola ngokupheleleyo.Umgquba oqhelekileyo wasefama yi-anaerobic composting.

Inkqubo yokwenza umgquba we-anaerobic yohlulwe kakhulu ibe ngamanqanaba amabini:

Inqanaba lokuqala linqanaba lokuvelisa i-asidi.Iibhaktheriya ezivelisa i-Acid zithobisa i-molecule enkulu yezinto eziphilayo zibe yi-molecule encinci ye-organic acids, i-acetic acid, i-propanol kunye nezinye izinto.

Inqanaba lesibini linqanaba lemveliso yemethane.Iimethanogens ziyaqhubeka nokubola iiasidi eziphilayo zibe yigesi yemethane.

Akukho oksijini ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-anaerobic, kwaye inkqubo ye-asidi ivelisa amandla amancinci.Amandla amaninzi agcinwa kwiimolekyuli ze-asidi ze-organic kwaye akhululwe ngendlela yegesi ye-methane phantsi kwesenzo sebhaktheriya ye-methane.Umgquba weAnaerobic ubonakaliswa ngamanyathelo amaninzi okusabela, isantya esicothayo kunye nexesha elide.

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