Umgca wemveliso wonyaka weetoni ezingama-30,000 zesichumiso esihlanganisiweyo yindibaniselwano yezixhobo eziphambili.Iindleko eziphantsi zemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.Umgca wokuvelisa isichumiso esidityanisiweyo ungasetyenziselwa ukuxutywa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada edibeneyo.Okokugqibela, izichumisi ezidityanisiweyo ezinemigxinaniso eyahlukeneyo kunye neefomula zinokulungiswa ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, zizalise ngokufanelekileyo izondlo ezifunwa zizityalo, kwaye zisombulule impikiswano phakathi kwemfuno yezityalo kunye nonikezelo lomhlaba.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente uye waqulunqa kwaye wakhupha uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo ukuxhasa uphuhliso lweshishini le-organic fertilizer.Okukhona kukho imfuneko enkulu yokutya okuvela kwindalo, kokukhona kukho imfuno engakumbi.Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso eziphilayo akunakunciphisa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso zemichiza, kodwa kuphucule umgangatho wezityalo kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kuthintelo kunye nolawulo longcoliseko lwezolimo olungenandawo kunye nokukhuthaza ukunikezelwa kwezolimo- uhlaziyo lwezakhiwo ezisecaleni.Ngeli xesha, amashishini e-aquaculture abe ngumkhwa wokwenza izichumisi eziphilayo ezivela kwi-excreta, kungekhona nje ukufuna imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo, kodwa nokufuna amanqaku amatsha enzuzo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Amandla okuvelisa imigca emincinci yokuvelisa isichumiso esiphilayo siyahluka ukusuka kwiikhilogram ezingama-500 ukuya kwi-toni enye ngeyure.
Imathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvelisa isichumiso esixubeneyo ibandakanya urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, liquid ammonia, ammonium monophosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, kuquka udongwe kunye nezinye izihluzi.
1) Izichumisi ze-nitrogen: ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium thio, urea, calcium nitrate, njl.
2) Izichumisi zePotassium: i-potassium sulfate, ingca kunye nomlotha, njl.
3) Izichumisi ze-Phosphorus: i-calcium perphosphate, i-calcium perphosphate enzima, i-calcium magnesium kunye ne-phosphate fertilizer, i-phosphate ore powder, njl.
Njengomvelisi oqeqeshiweyo wezixhobo zomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso, sibonelela abathengi ngezixhobo zemveliso kunye nezona zisombululo ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ezifana neetoni ezingama-10,000 ngonyaka ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-200,000 ngonyaka.
1. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekrwada ziguquguquka ngokubanzi kwaye zilungele igranulation yesichumisi esixubeneyo, iyeza, ishishini lemichiza, isondlo kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza, kwaye izinga lemveliso yegranulation liphezulu.
2. Umngcipheko wemveliso unokuvelisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa isichumisi se-organic, i-inorganic fertilizer, i-biological fertilizer, i-magnetic fertilizer, njl.
3. Iindleko eziphantsi, inkonzo ebalaseleyo.Umzi-mveliso wethu uvelisa kwaye uzithengise ngokwawo njengomthengisi ngokuthe ngqo ukubonelela ngeenzuzo eziphezulu zabathengi ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.Ukongeza, ukuba abathengi baneengxaki zobuchwepheshe okanye imibuzo yendibano, banokunxibelelana nathi ngexesha.
4. Isichumisi esihlanganisiweyo esiveliswe kulo mgca wemveliso unomthamo omncinci wokufunxa ukufuma, kulula ukuwugcina, kwaye ulungele ukusetyenziswa komatshini.
5. Umgca wokuvelisa isichumiso odibeneyo uqokelele iminyaka emininzi yamava obugcisa kunye namandla okuvelisa.Lo ngumgca wokuvelisa isichumiso esisebenza kakuhle kwaye esinamandla aphantsi esiye sahlaziywa, salungiswa saza sayilwa, sasonjululwa ngempumelelo iingxaki zokusebenza okuphantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo yomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwahlulwa ibe: izithako ezikrwada, ukuxuba, igranulation, ukomisa, ukupholisa, ukuhlelwa kwamasuntswana, ukugquma okugqityiweyo, kunye nokupakishwa kokugqibela okugqityiweyo.
1. Izithako zemathiriyeli ekrwada:
Ngokwemfuno yemarike kunye neziphumo zokumiselwa komhlaba wendawo, i-urea, i-ammonium nitrate, i-ammonium chloride, i-ammonium thiophosphate, i-ammonium phosphate, i-diammonium phosphate, i-calcium enzima, i-potassium chloride (i-potassium sulfate) kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza zisasazwa ngomlinganiselo othile.Izongezo kunye nezinto ezilandelwayo zisetyenziswa njengezithako kumlinganiselo othile ngokusebenzisa izikali zebhanti.Ngokomlinganiselo wefomula, zonke izithako zemathiriyeli ekrwada zihamba ngokulinganayo ukusuka kumabhanti ukuya kubaxubi, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-premixes.Iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuqulunqwa kwaye iqonda izithako ezisebenzayo kunye neziqhubekayo kunye nezisebenzayo.
2. Iimathiriyeli ekrwada ezixutyiweyo:
Umxubi othe tyaba yinxalenye eyimfuneko kwimveliso.Inceda izinto eziluhlaza zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwakhona kwaye zibeka isiseko sobuchule obuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-granular fertilizer.Ndivelisa umxubi othe tyaba one-axis enye kunye ne-double-axis ethe tyaba umxube ongakhetha kuyo.
3. Igranulation:
Igranulation yinxalenye engundoqo yomgca wokuvelisa isichumiso esihlanganisiweyo.Ukukhethwa kwegranulator kubaluleke kakhulu.Umzi-mveliso wethu uvelisa i-disk granulator, i-drum granulator, i-roller extruder okanye i-granulator entsha yesichumiso edibeneyo.Kulo mgca wokuvelisa izichumiso ezidibeneyo, sikhetha i-rotary drum granulator.Emva kokuba izinto zixutywe ngokulinganayo, i-conveyor yebhanti ihanjiswa kumatshini we-rotary drum granulation ukugqiba i-granulation.
4.Uvavanyo:
Emva kokupholisa, izinto ze powdery zihlala kwimveliso egqityiweyo.Onke amasuntswana amahle namakhulu anokuhlolwa nge-roller sieve yethu.I-powder ecocekileyo efihliweyo ithuthwa ukusuka kwi-conveyor yebhanti ukuya kwi-blender ukuvuselela izinto eziluhlaza kwakhona ukwenza i-granulation;ngelixa amasuntswana amakhulu angahambelaniyo nomgangatho wesuntswana kufuneka ahanjiswe ukuba atyunyuzwe sisityumzi sekhonkco phambi kwegranulation.Imveliso egqityiweyo iya kuthuthelwa kumatshini wokugquma isichumiso.Oku kwenza umjikelo opheleleyo wemveliso.
5.Ukupakishwa:
Le nkqubo ithatha umatshini wokupakisha wobungakanani ozenzekelayo.Umatshini uqulunqwe ngumatshini wokulinganisa ozenzekelayo, inkqubo yokuhambisa, umatshini wokutywina, njl.Inokuqonda ukupakishwa komyinge wezinto ezininzi ezifana nesichumisi esiphilayo kunye nesichumisi esihlanganisiweyo, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiifektri zokulungisa ukutya kunye nemigca yemveliso yemizi-mveliso.